Historical Document · 1906
US Patent 832,666: Calculating-Machine (C. Hamann, the Gauss)
Hamann's round calculating machine, the Gauss, filed 28 March 1905 and granted 9 October 1906 (DE 194,527).
Historical Document · 1906
Hamann's round calculating machine, the Gauss, filed 28 March 1905 and granted 9 October 1906 (DE 194,527).
No. 832,666. PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906. C. HAMANN. CALCULATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR, 28, 1906. 6 SHEETS—SHEET 1. alll SSSR SSS K ae A Lrventor: Christel Hamann No, 832,666. a PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906. ; C. HAMANN. CALCULATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR, 28, 1905. 6 SHEETS—SHEBT 2. SSS a ss ° _ \ re . —- A 4 cS oes IODO AIG? ) Mitreesses: Arveventor: “ No. 832,666. ; PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906. C. HAMANN. CALCULATING MACHINE, "APPLICATION FILED MAR. 28, 1905. § SHEETS—SHEET 3. WNiige a Lig? 33 6L 36 ( 6R 7 ir “ _ i Fo |e 9 A ar DO. Ozh G 2» 3F 47 | 30 S. 2 4 Eifui ZF 028 | 2% 5. o.-, ! 2g ; 76 = q fx tas lus tm Son Sen Yen fon! : 23 1-4 38S LF ee Ae LZ 440 76 oS T AO jo ~° 6 "Ba Ys WUEHOCSSOS: . Lnventor: — v “Sel Dlaay EG Koy No. 832,666. “PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906. C. HAMANN. | CALCULATING MACHINE, APPLIOATION FILED MAR, 28. 1905. 5 SHEETS—SHEEBT 4. =\\ ¥ 8 ean, OB att Conoa Wes ~ a oe try, Bel) Or AEE etd mr, 1, a | = Sn Rlllawins razr, {9 ca ee R RES SLL lle, OLLI Lh \/, LR CLM Or: Chre¢stel Hamann Tj No. 832,666. — , . PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906. C. HAMANN. CALCULATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR, 28, 1905. § SHEETS—SHEET 5. 4 + | Keres SCS: Mnvertor: o aA Ogehooty, Chre, Hamann 10 15 . ferent lengths. 20 25 3° 35 40 45 5° UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. CHRISTEL HAMANN, OF FRIEDENAU, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY. CALCULATING-MACHINE. No. 832,666, Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct. 9, 1906, Application filed March 38, 1905. Serial No. 252,515. To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, CurisreL.: Hamann, engineer, a citizen of Germany, and aresident of Friedenau, near Berlin, Germany, (whose post-office address is Hedwigstrasse 17,) have invented certain. new and useful Improve- ments in Calculating-Machines, of which the following is a specification. My invention relates to an improved cal- culating-machine. ~ In prior calculators toothed wheels having ‘adjustable gear-teeth or the like have been employed to give the result. Another well- known means for obtaining the part products is the stepped roller first used by Leibnitz and consisting of acylinder with teeth of dif- According to my invention I dispense with such devices and use instead a single disk provided with teeth disposed stepwise. The toothed wheels which give the part products can be caused to move re- dially of this disk and can be rotated by it corresponding to the position occupied. By reason of the circular arrangement of the toothed wheels, rendered necessary owing to the employmént of a disk, the parts of the machine can be compactly located in a very small space. The machine is thus very light and readily partible, being well adapted for the pocket. The machine can be used to calculate any number of figures, as the circular arrange- ment of the parts imposes no limit such as there is in the case of machines with figures Yocated one beside the other. ‘One form of construction of the machine is shown in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is an elevation and part section of the machine fixed on a stand ready for use. Fig. 2 is a plan of the actual machine, the crank-handle being shown slightly turned out of the position. of rest and a portion of the peripheral ring being broken away to <lisplay underlying parts. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line a a of Figs. 2 and 4. - Fig. 4is a horizontal section on the line 6 6 of Figs. 3 and 5. Fig. 5 is a vertical’section on the line cc of Figs. 2 and 4. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line d d of Figs. 3 and 5, parts being broken away. Fig. 7 is a plan of the actuating-disk, some of the parts actuated thereby being shown in dotted lines. Fig. 8 is a vertical section on the line e e of Fig. 5, showing the rotations-indicating device in elevation. Fig. 9 is a vertical section on the line ff of Fig. 7, showing the carrying mechan- ism—that is, the mechanism for transferring _the shaft. from alower toa higher denomination whichin - the succeeding specification and in the claims. should be termed as “carrying device.” Fig. 10 is a detail view showing one of-the sleeves and the codperating stud on the actuating- disk. Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line g9 of Fig. 6, showing the operation of the de- vice for resetting the figure-wheels to zero. Fig. 12 is a detail view showing two of the wheels for the device for resetting the figure- wheels to zero and the toothed rims operat- ing them. Figs. 13 and 14 are detail views showing the method of actuation of the bell- hammer in different kinds of calculations. The small arrow pointing to the lines on which sections are taken indicate the direc- tion in which the section is seen. , The machine consists of the two main parts 1 and 2, which are flat, open, round box- shaped cases, Figs. 1, 3, and 5. The case 1 is of larger diameter than the case 2 and has a rim or flange 3 at the top perforated at 4 and 5, Figs. 2and6. The cases are also per- 60 65 7Oo 75 80 forated centrally to receive the shaft 6, which | turns freely therein. The case 2 is super- posed in-inverted position on the case 1, its _ edge resting on the flange 3. . The face of the case 2 is provided with radial slots 7, Fig. 2, on each side of which the digits “0” to “9” areinscribed,but in reversed order on the two sides. In the case 2 below each slot 7 is mounted a shaft 8, Figs. 3 and 4, having a small wheel 9 at its outer end pro- vided with ten teeth, in which a spring-de- tent 10 engages, Fig. 4. Near the inner end of each of the shafts 8 is mounted a pin- wheel 11, the pins 12 of which act as stops in a manner to be hereinafter described, Fi S. 3, 4, and 5. On the shaft 8 there is also keyed a ten-toothed wheel 13, with capa- bility of sliding in the direction of length of In each slot 7 there works a slide having a knob 14 and pointers 15 16 for in- dicating the figures of the two columns in- 85 go 95 100 scribed on the slot edges opposite which it © stands. The slide has also two small pend- ent plates or cheeks 17, between which the wheel 13 lies, so that it can be slid along by means of the slide. The iatter is held in po- sition in well-known manner by a flat spring 14*. In the case 2 there is also a shaft 8’, located similarly to the shafts 8, Figs. 4 and 5. This shaft 8’ likewise carries a toothed wheel 9 and pin-wheel 11, and, furthermore, a toothed wheel 18, located adjacent to the in-wheel 11 and.turned with positive motion by the shaft, while at the same time beng 105 110 10 15 20 25 30, fig 35 capable of sliding to a slight extent on it in longitudinal direction. he codpérating signal for the tens and the mechanism for use in employing the ma- chine for addition and multiplication or sub- traction and division will be explained later.. In the case 1 there are likewise mounted shafts 19, arranged all round at. distances apart corresponding to those between the shafts 8, Fig. 6. Each shaft 19 has mounted on it immediately below the flange 3 a disk or wheel 20, Figs. 3, 5, and 6, provided with the figures “0” to “9,” which figuresare visible through the apertures 4. On each shaft 19 there is likewise mounted fast a ten-toothed wheel 21, which meshes with the toothed wheel 9 on the shafts 8 8’. A second toothed wheel 22 is also mounted on each shaft 19. These shafts 19 extend through the wall of the case 1 and are provided with heads 23, by means of which the figures can be set by hand in the apertures 4, Figs. 1 and 2. Between the shafts 19, which correspond to the shafts 8, further shafts 24 are located in the case 1, ‘These latter shafts likewise carry disks 25, provided with figures “0” to “9” The disks 25 may conveniently beof a different color to that of the disks 20 or be otherwise distinguished therefrom. Their ures are visible through the apertures 5, Figs. 2, 5, and 6.’ Each shaft 24 also has mounted on it two toothed wheels 26 27. On the shaft’6, which turns loosety in the bosses of the cases 1 2, an actuating-disk 28 is mounted fast. This disk can be rotated in- dependently of the cases 1 2 by means of the. _ erank-handle 33 of the shaft 6, Figs. 3, 5, and - concentric circles. 40 45: 5° 55 7, Onthe disk 28 teeth 29 are disposed in These teeth are arranged ‘‘stepwise’’ —that is to say, in the innermost circle there are nine teeth; in the next, eight, and so on, until at length in the outermost circle there.is only one tooth, These teeth engage with the toothed wheels 13 in a man- ner to be hereinafter described. ‘The operation of the stop device near the -center of the disk 28 and the carrying device will be likewise described later. In order to adjust the cases 1 2 relatively to each other, studs 30 are provided on the flange 3 of the case 1, Figs. 6 and 12, and corresponding notches 31 furnished in the rim of the case 2 to receive them, Figs. 1 and ‘4, The case.1 is also provided with a pin 32, marked with an arrow, Figs. 2, 3, and 6, and the case 2 can be so.adjusted that this 60 65 arrow points to any desired figure on the periphery of the case 2 in ‘order to indicate ‘In which denomination the calculations are being’made. . Over the flange 3 of the case 1, so far as it is not covered by the case 2, there fits a ring 89, Figs. 1, 2,3, provided with apertures cor- tesponding to the holes 4 5, Fig. 2, left-hand. side, so that either-the holes 5 are covered 882,666 - and figures visible through the holes 4, or vice versa: 1, 2,and into the slot there projects a pin 90°, secured to the case 1. The length of the slot 90 is such that in the one end position the holes 4 coincide with the perforations in the ring 89, Fig. 2, while in the other end position the holes 5 coincide therewith. The ring 89 can be adjusted by means of the knob 91, Figs. 1, 2. ‘As already stated, the shaft 6 is provided with a crank 33, which, owing to the provision of a spring-actuated detent 34, acting on a ratchet-wheel 34, can only be turned in one direction. In order to hold the handle 33 in its position of rest, a spring-actuated pin 35 is provided, Fig. 1, engaging in a hollow pin 36 on the case 2. To prevent the wheels 9 turning farther than intended, owing to their inertia on rapid rotation of the disk 28, whereby errors would be caused; the already-mentioned disk 11 with pins 12 are provided, Fig. 3. On the disk 28, immediately behind the teeth 29 in the direction of rotation, there is located a segmental stop-bracket 37, Figs. 3, 7. This bracket is so arranged that when the disk 28 is rotated it passes between the pins 12 of the disk’ 11 and holds them for a short interval, which naturally meansstoppage of the wheels 9. Since the member.37 fibs just behind the teeth 29, the rotary motion on unduly rapid rotation of the machine will be at once stopped, so that even the slightest motion in excess of that intended is prevented and er- rors thus avoided. shafts for the rotary motion in the event of The ring is slotted at 90, Figs. . qo 75. 8c 85 go 95 oo In order to release the . the carrying mechanism being actuated, the » actual engaging portion of the bracket 37 is cut away for a short distance, Fig. 7, so that one rotation of the wheel is permitted. The carrying mechanism is arranged as follows: The toothed wheels 22 are provided with sleeves 38, which slide on the shefts 19, Figs. 3, 5, and 6. These sleeves are grooved to receive the end of springs 39, se- cured to the base of the case 1, Figs. 3, 5, whereby the sleeves are held in position. From the toothed wheels 22 there project “pins 40, which pass through one of the teeth of the adjacent wheel 21. At the bottom of the case 1, adjacent to the toothed wheels 21, stationary pins 41 are located. If in one of the apertures 4’a nine is visible, the pin 40 projecting through the wheel 21 will lie im-. mediately adjacent to the pin 41. On the rotation of the wheel 21 will slide ps .pin 41, will be pushed back, and in this man- ner will cause the sleeve 38 to slide inward. The spring 39 now engaging in the ‘second groove of the sleeve such position. as shown in the right-hand half of Fig. 3. ~ On the disk 28, behind the teeth 29 in the TAF 110° 11g 126 e ‘1 being added the pin 40 on further , ast the. ° 12g will hold the latter in © 13¢ 832,666 ‘direction of rotation, there is a lever 42, _.the latter. Io 15 20 25 3° 35 mounted on a shaft 42’. This lever is nearly of the length of the complete radius and acts as feed device or tooth for the carrying oper- ation, Figs. 7 and 9. Ordinarily this lever is depressed by a spring 43, let into the disk, so that it does not project above the surface of One arm of the lever 42 is acted upon by the end of a double-armed lever 44, the other extremity of which has a swelling 45 projecting below the disk 28, Fig. 9. Usually this swelling is in no wey obstructed on rotation of the disk 28. If, however, through the rotetion of a disk 20 beyond ‘<9 one of the sleeves 38 is caused to slide inward, this sleeve will come into the path of the swelling 45. The latter will thus be raised by the sleeve and accordingly causes the free end of the lever 42 to rise, so thet the latter projects above the surface.of the disk 28 asa tooth. On further rotation this end of the lever 42 will engage with the wheel 13, mounted on that shaft 8 which in the direc- tion of rotation lies next to it, Fig. 9, and the wheel 13 will thus be turned through the space of one tooth. This movement will be transmitted to the corresponding wheel 20 by means of the codperating toothed wheels 9 and ‘21. breadth that it actuates the wheels 13 in whatever position they occupy, whether at “0” or other figure. -. Since carrying must be done only during rotution of the crank, the sleeve 38 must be returned to its initial position again on com- ~ pletion of the operation. For this purpose ~ 40. 45 5° 55 a stop 46 is provided close behind the swell- ing 45 of the lever 44, which stop egain forces the sleeve outward, Figs. 7, 9, 10. For the purpose of indicating the number of rotations of the crank in each denomina- tion the following arrangement is provided. Between the first and second slots7 orshafts 8 (counting in the direction of rotation.of the crank) a short shaft 47, Figs. 4, 5, 8, is mounted in the case 2, and on this shaft are mounted fast two: toothed wheels 48 49, a stop-wheel 50, and a knurled wheel 51. The wheel 48 meshes with the wheel 26 of the shaft 24, which lies below for the time being. The wheel 49 is so arranged relatively to the disk 28 that it engages the extreme outer tooth of the rows 29, Fig. 7, so that it ad- vances through the space of one tooth at each rotation of the disk. The rotation is trans- mitted to the wheel 26 by the wheel 48, and '. thus to the corresponding figure-disk 25. 60 65 Since in each denomination only naught to nine rotations can be made, no carrying mechanism is necessary for the figure-wheel 25. On adjusting the case 2 for the purpose of making further calculations in another de- nomination the toothed wheel 48 comes into engagement with the adjacent toothed wheel 26, so that by means of the figure-wheels 25, | The end of the lever 42 is of such. 3 tion, there will be indicated in addition the number of terms of the sum, in multiplica- tion the multiplier, in subtraction the num- ber of suibtrahends, and in division the quo- tient. ’ In order to prevent the wheels 48 and 49 turning more than one tooth at each rotation of the disk 28, the stop-wheel 50 is employed. In this wheel there engages a detent 52, se- cured to the inner wail of the case2. This detent is pressed against the wheel 50 by a pin 52’ on the disk 28, whereby the inertia of the wheels 48 49 is counteracted, Fig. 8. A wheel 53, Figs. 2,5, 8, projecting through the case 2 and engaging with the wheel 51, en- ables any desired figure to be brought before one of the figure-apertures 5 by hand. As Fig. 2 shows, in the machine illustrated: six slots 7 with slides 14 are employed, so that with this particular machine a factor of six places can be set up. A product formed with these, however, may contain many more than six places. In the formation of the product carrying beyond the sixth place is then naturally also necessary. From the sixth place these carryings are transmitted to the shaft 8’, located, as already stated, at a like distance apart to the shafts 8 within the case 2. On the shaft 8’ there is mounted a toothed wheel 18, which, in the position shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 7, does not engage with any of he rows of teeth 29 on the disk 28. The lever 42, however, is inwardly pro- longed, so that when the wheel 20 of the shaft 8 next preceding the shaft 8’ has been turned from ‘“9’’ to “0” it engages. the wheel 18 and by coéperation of the wheels ‘depending upon the nature of the calcula- . 7o 75 80 85 go 95 Toc 9 and 21 effects rotation of the correspond- — ing figure-wheel 20. If now it is necessary to carry from this figure-wheel 20 to the next higher place, no operating elements are pro- vided: There would, therefore, bean error in the result, since no carrying is possible. In order to signal this omission of carrying, so that the result may be-corrected by rotation of the corresponding head 23 through one place, a gong 54 is located in the case 2, struck by a hammer 55, Figs. 4, 5, and 13. ‘The hammer 55 is secured to a hollow pin 57, which turns on the pivot 56. This pin 57 is flattened at one part so that a spring 58 may act upon it and maintain it in its position of rest. 13, 14, notched at 60. This pin extends to the level of the disk 28 and lies close against it. The lever 42, projecting laterally beyond the disk 28, passes in its position of rest on rotation of the disk 28 through the notch 60; so that it does not contact with the pin 59, Fig. 13. If now it is required to carry from the figure-wheel corresponding to the shaft 8’ to the next higher. place, the sleeve 38, mounted on the shaft 19 below, is slid in- ward in the manner already described, and On the hammer-arm is a pin 59, Figs. 4, - 105 Ilo II5 I20 125 130 10 15 25 3° & the swelling 45 of the lever 44 lifts the lever. 42. The laterally-projecting portion of the latter cannot now pass through the notch 60 of the pin 59, but. presses against the latter, and thus causes the hammer 55 to strike the gong 54, whereupon the spring 58 returns - the hammer to its original position. ° The machine cannot be used at once for subtraction and division, as rotation in the reverse direction would be necessary there- for, and this would involve a correspondingly different position of the parts. By means of the mechanism now to be described, how- ever, the machine while rotating in the same direction’ may also be employed for these other methods of calculation, as will be explained subsequently by means of an ex- ample. ‘The toothed wheel 18, mounted on the shaft 8’, is connected by a sleeve with a disk 63, which can be slid by means of a slide 62, rojecting through a slot 61 in the case 2 and having cheeks 64, which seize the wheel 63 on each side, Figs. 2, 4; and 5. oo Adjacent to the slide there is marked on the case 2 on the side ‘a+’ and on the other side ““a—’’ to indicate the nature of the calculation, while the slide itself is fur- nished with lateral pointers which can be ad- justed so as to point to one of the said signs. _ At the side of the signs the kinds of calcula- 35 tion are still more precisely itidicated. On addition and multiplication the slide 62 occupies the position shown in Figs. 2 and 5, the wheel 18 lying beyond the province of the teeth 29 on the disk 28. _ On subtraction and division the slide 62 must be so slid that the wheel 18 comes into the course of the nine . imner teeth 29 of the disk 28, as will be clear 40 45 from-subsequent explanations. The slide 62° is also provided on its side lying toward the center of the machine with an inclined sur- face 65, Figs. 4,13. On the upper edge of this face there lies in the position shown (that for addition and multiplication) the end 66° of a U-shaped bow 68, the central portion of . which turns at 67. The other end 69 of this ., 5° bow engages a groove in the hollow pin 57 of the hammer 55, Figs. 4, 5, 13. A spring 70, secured to the part 67, acts on the end 66 of the bow, and thus maintains it in contact with the surface 65. If the slide 62; for the pur- ose of subtraction or division, is moved into | ’ its other position, the end 66 of the bow slides 55 down the face 65, and thus the end 69 de- - scends also and causes sliding of the hollow 60 65 ‘ pin 57, Fig. 14. In order that the figures which have ap- ‘peared in the holes 4 5 may.on completion of the calculation again be adjusted te naught, the following device is provided: At'the bot- tom of the case 1. there are two rotary disks 71 72, of which the former is the larger. Both disks are at their periphery provided -with teeth 73, Figs. 6 and 11.. The teeth of the B, ‘shown in Fig. 1. ciently heavy to firmly hold the machine: while the calculations: are being made. To 832,666 disk 71 lie in the plane of the wheels 22 of the shafts 19 and mesh with them, while the teeth of the disk 72 can be brought intoengagement . with the toothed wheels 27 on the shafts 24. The wheels 22 and 27 have only nine teeth, while in place of the tenth tooth there is a gap 74, Fig. 12. These gaps 74, when the naught is to be seen through the holes 4.5,-are di- rected downward toward the disks 71 72. The case 1 has on its base two concentric slots 75 76, Figs. 3, 6, 11. The disks 71 72 likewise have slots 77 78. The disk 71 is provided with an arm 79, which projects through the'slot 75 and extends laterally be- yond the case 1. By means of this arm the disk can be turned in ‘the direction of the length of the slot 75. Similarly the disk 72 has an arm 80, Figs. 5 and 6, projecting through the slots 76.77. On the disk 72 is secured a spring 81, the other end of which is 70 15 80 fastened to the disk 71 in such manner that . in the position of rest of the disks the spring is contracted. When the disk 71 is turne by the arm 79 in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 6, the disk 72 cannot follow, since the arm 80 is held by the‘end of the slot 76. The spring 81 will thus. be extended and on re- lease of the arm 79 will draw back the disk into its initial position again. tion the teeth 73, when the figure-disks 20 _stand at other figures than the naughts, -will engage with the wheels 22 and will rotate go During rota- - 95 these latter until the gaps 74 come down- - ward, whereupon the teeth 73 will pass freely below the wheels, Fig. 12. os . The same procedure occurs when the disk 72 is turned in the direction of the arrow, 100 Fig. 6, by the arm 80. Thé same spring 81 - will then be extended, as in this case the disk 71 is held in its position of rest and on release ‘will return the disk 72 to its initial position. Here the teeth 73 engage with the wheels 27 when the figure-disks 25 stand at other fig- ures than naught and turn these wheels until the gaps 74 come downward, when thenaught. again appéars in the aperture. 108 Ito In order that the free rotation of the toothed wheels 22 27 may not be affected dur- ing the process of calculating by: the teeth 73 . of the disks 71 72, these teeth are not arranged in continuity on the disks 71 72, gaps 82 be- ing provided, which in the position of rest are - located below the wheels 22 27. , . In order to render the machine handy for operation, a.handle 83-may be screwed into the case, as shown in Fig. 3. The machine _can then be held in the left hand and the. -ealculating: done with the right, or.if both hands are to be free the calculator be mount- |ed on a foot 84, having an inclined top, as The foot must be suffi- facilitate elevation of the case’? for purposes of rotation and adjustment, the foot may be R 120 125°, ho 130 832,666 provided with a pin 85, raised by a lever with cam 86. The pin 85 presses against the shaft | 6 and lifts it and the case 2 on operation of | the lever with cam 86, whereby the studs 30 on the rim of the case 1 are disengaged from the notches 31 in the edge of the case 2. The foot is provided with a plate 87, onto which the projecting portion 88 at the bot- | tom of the case.j fits. If nowa calculation— | for example, a multiplication—is to be under- taken, the knobs 14 must be pushed along to | adjust the pointers 15 to the figures on the left of the slots, starting from the right with the units. The knob in the slot 61 must be set to ‘Addition and multiplication.” The case 2 must be adjusted relatively to the case 1, so that the figure “1” stands before the ar- row of the indicator 32. In the hole 4, which lies to the left of this indicator, the units place of the result of the calculation will thus e visible, and at the indicator, therefore, ‘the reading of the result of the calculation commences. The ring 89 is so adjusted that the aper- tures in it coincide with the holes 5. The multiplier can thus be seen, and it can be checked whether the proper number of rota- tions are made at each place. Since between the first and second slots (in the direction of rotation) the device for indi- cating the number of rotations is located, the units-figure will appear in the hole 5, located between these two slots. For instance, if the number 463” isto be multiplied by “34” thep in the first slot the pointer 15 of the knob 14 must be set at ‘°3,” in the next slot at “6,” and in the third slot at ‘‘4,” Fig. 2. Owing to the knobs 14 being slid along in this man- ner, the wheels 13 on the shafts 8 will be moved so that they engage with those rows of teeth 29 on the disk 28 whose numbers of teeth correspond with the figures pointed to at 15. . Thus on turning the disk 28 by means of the handle 33 the wheel 13 of the units place comes into engagement with three teeth 29, the wheel 13 of the tens place with six teeth, and the wheel 13 of the hundreds place with four teeth. By means of the cor- {0 15 20 45 30 35 40 45 | read ‘‘926.” responding wheels 9 and 21, Fig. 3, these ro- iations are transmitted to the corresponding figure-disks 20 and the corresponding figures will appear in the respective holes 4. On the next rotation this process will be repeated. There will again be a rotation of the figure- wheels 20 corresponding to the figures in question. Thus in the case of the number under consideration there will appear in the units place ‘‘6,” in the tens place ‘‘2,” and in the hundreds place‘‘8.” The figure-wheel 20 of the tens place will have now traveled be- yond the ‘‘9,” whereby the carrying device will be adjusted so that the figure-wheel 20 of | the hundreds place will turn not only through the numbes of teeth corresponding to the fig- 50 55 65 use set, but (by reason of the engagement of j - -umns. S | the lever 42) also through the space of a fur- ther tooth, so that now instead of the “3 a “<9”? will become visible. ‘Thus there will be Two more turns have now to be given, whereby the partial product “1852” for the units place of the roultiplier is formed, Fig. 2. In the hole 6 between the figures ‘‘2”’ and “5” the units-number ‘‘4” of.the multi- lier is visible, Fig. 2. The case 2 must now e so turned relatively to the case 1 that in- stead of the figure ‘‘1” at the indicating-pin 32 the next figure on the periphery of the case 2—that is to say, the figure ‘‘2’’—comes. opposite this pin. nm this manner the slot of the units place comes to rest above the tens place of the partial product. The calculation for the tens place of the multiplier can now be made. After three rotations the product desired is ascertained. By rotation of the case 2 that portion of the rotations-counting mechanism lying within it is likewise ad- vanced by one place. The tens-figure of the multiplier will now become visible here. When the calculation is complete, it is only necessary to bring the ring 89 into its other position, in which the perforations cover the holes 4, when the figures visible in the same give the result of the calculation. In this machine the reversing-gear usually employed in calculators for negative calculations is dis- pensed with, as it would only tend to render the machine more complicated. Such caleu- lations, therefore, are to be made in such manner that the decadal completion of the subtrahend is introduced into the adjusting device, so that the calculation can be com- pleted with the same crank rotation as for addition. ; Tn order to render mental calculation un- necessary for the decimal completion, a TOW of figures in reversed order is provided at the right-hand side of the slots 7, as already stated. These figures give the decadal com- pletion of the corresponding figures on the opposite side of the slot. Thus at the first slot on the rightare the figures ‘'l, 2, 3” opposite ‘‘9, 8, 7 ,”’ the completionor sum in each case being ten. At the other slots, opposite to‘9 8 7,” there stand ‘‘0,” eg “2” &c., so that the figures to be read in the. slots in question are always completed to the next higher power of ten. For exam le, 99 +01=100, 731+269=1,000, &. The method of making negative calculations will be clear from the following example. From the number ©9374” (minuend) subtract the number ‘‘538,” (subtrahend.) After adjust- ing the pointers to the latter number in the right-hand figure - columns the number ‘$999 462” will -be read in the left-hand col- ‘(462” is the decadal completion of ‘(538.” As the unused higher places have also to be set to the naughts on the right, the decadal completion ‘‘1,000,000” results. As slready mentioned, adjacent to the slot 13: 7° 75 80 85 go 95 100 105 al 26 S of the highest place there is the additional shaft 8’, with an extra toothed wheel 18, ‘which is brought.to the level of the toothed wheels 13, adjusted to naught by shifting of the slide 62. In this manner to the decadal ~ completion “1,000,000”. there is added an- Io 5 20 25 30 35 40 other “9,000,000.” - Thus the actual caleu- lation is . . 9314 9999462 10001776 Since, however, the tens-carrying mechan- ism only operates for one place beyond the places of the adjusting mechanism—that is to say, in the present instance only to the seventh place—the resulting eighth place will not be attained by the carrying device. Thus there will result correctly: Left reading: 2314 9999462 0001776 or right reading , 9314 0000538 0001776 If in making additions or multiplications . there is no.carrying performed after the sev- enth place, the hammer. 55 will be actuated by the lever 42 striking the pin 59, as already stated, whereby the gong 54 will be rung.: By shifting of the slide 62 the hollow pin 57,(which carries the hammer 55,) and with it the pin 59, will be raised, as already described, so that the lever 42 can now pass unobstruct- - ed through the notch 60, whereas in the other 45 50 55 - 60 osition of the slide 62 it struck the pin 59. in this manner the tens-signal is also given in subtraction and division at the right mo- ments and shows when a unit is to be sub- tracted from the highest place. ; Having. thus described my invention; I claim_as new— 1, In a calculating-machine in which the various places of the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, an adjustin, mechanism, an indicating mechanism,. an an actuating mechanism for all places in common, operating the indicating mechan- Ism corresponding to ‘the values set in the adjusting mechanism, substantially as de- scribed. ~ 0 2. In.a calculating-machine in which the various places of the result are displayed in: circular order, in combination, an adjusting mechanism, comprising a plurality of shafts, a gear mounted on each shaft, and means for _ shding the gears longitudinally on their shafts; an actuating-disk for all the gears in. common, presenting rows of teeth adapted ‘832,666 to mesh with the said gears; means for rotat- ; ing the disk; an indicating mechanism; and: - - means for transmitting the rotations of the said gears to the indicating mechanism; sub- stantially as described. mo .- 3: In.a calculating-machine in. which the various places of the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, a plurality of radial shafts; a géar mounted on each shaft; a radially-slotted cover-plate; slides working in the slots, and sliding the said gears longi- 7o 75 tudinally on the shafts below; an actuating- ~ disk for all the said ‘gears in common, pre- senting concentric rows of teeth adapted to mesh with the said gears; means for rotating the disk; an indicating mechanism; and means for transmitting the-rotations of the 80 said gears to the latter, substantially. as de- scribed. 4. In‘a calculating-machine in which the various places of the result, are displayed in circular order, in combination, a plurality of radial shafts; a gear mounted on each shaft; means for sliding the gear longitudinally on its shaft; an actuatipg-disk for all the said’ gears in common, presenting concentric rows of teeth, adapted to mesh with the said gears; means for rotating the disk; 4 second series of radial shafts; a figure-whee] mounted on each of these latter shafts; and means for transmitting the rotations of the first series of shafts to the second series; substantially as_ described. . « 5. In a calculating-machine in which the various places of the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, an adjustin mechanism, comprising a plurality of radia shafts, a gear mounted on each shaft, and means for sliding the gear longitudinally on its shaft; a rotary actuating mechanism for all Pisces in common, adapted to rotate the Said gears corresponding to the values set in the adjusting mechanism, a stop dévice mounted on each said shaft, and a stop de-’ vice carried by the actuating mechanism, said stop devices codpérating to stop the ro- 85 gc 95 roo 105 - Ito. tation of said shafts at intervals; an indicat- | ing mechanism; and means for transmitting the rotations of the said shafts to the indicat- ing mechanism ; substantially as described. _ 6. In a calculating-machine in which the various places of the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, a plurality of radial shafts, a gear mounted on each shaft, and means for sliding the gear on its shaft; a rotary disk actuating the said gears; a sec- ond series of radial shafts, a figure-wheel mounted on each of the latter, and means for transmitting the rotations of the said gears to the second series of shafts; a tens-carrying tooth for all places in common, mounted on. the disk and.ada ted to,engage with the said: sliding gears; sliding members on the setond series of shafts; means for actuating the same; and means operated by the said sliding mem- 15 120. 125 130 wn 19 15 20° 25 3° 832,666 ber, whereby the tens - carrying . tooth is caused to engage with the sliding gears; sub- stantially as described. 7. In a calculating-machine in which the various places of. the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, an adjusting mechanism, an indicating mechanism ; a ro- tary actuating mechanism for all places in common, operating the indicating mechan- ism corresponding to the values set in the adjusting mechanism; and means for count- ing the rotations of the actuating mechan- ism, comprising a radial shaft, a gear on the same meshing with a tooth of the actuating mechanism, a plurality of radial shafts, a figure-wheel mounted on each of these shafts, and means for transmitting the rotations of the said gear to one of the said latter radial shafts; substantially as described. various places of the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, an adjusting mechanism, a plurality of shafts, a figure- wheel on each shaft, means for operating these wheels corresponding to the values set in the adjusting mechanism, a mutilated gear on each shaft, a disk presenting circu- larly-disposed groups of teeth adapted to mesh with the gears, and means for rotating the disk, substantialiy as described. 9. In a calculating-machine in which the various places of the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, an adjusting - mechanism, an indicating mechanism, means 35 40 for operating the latter. corresponding to the values set in the adjusting mechanism, a ro- tations-counting mechanism, a plurality of shafts and a figure-wheel on each shaft, a mu- tilated gear on each shaft, a disk presenting circularly-disposed groups of teeth, adapted to mesh with the gears, and means for rotat- ~ ing the disk, substantially as described. 45 50 55 10. Ina calculating-machine in which the various places of the result, are displayed in circular order, in combination, an adjusting mechanism ; an indicating mechanism and a rotations-counting mechanism and means for operating these two latter mechanisms, said indicating and counting mechanisms each possessing an equal number of figure- wheels circularly disposed and alternating with each other; a case containing the said mechanisms, perforated at the figure-wheels; a perforated ring moving over the perfora- tions in the case, and means for rotating the _ting through the distance between two adja- 60 cent case perforations; substantially as de- scribed. Oe 11. Ina calculating-machine in which the various places of the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, a slotted case comprising two parts one of which can be ro- tated relatively to the other; a plurality of ra- dial shafts 8 in one part of the case, a gear 13 on each shaft, located below a case-slot, a 8. In a calculating-machine in which the ‘transferring this slide working in each slot and sliding one of said gears on its shaft; a plurality of radial | shafts 19 in the other part of the case, a fig- ure-wheel 20 on each latter shaft, a central shaft 6; a disk mounted on said shaft, pre- senting concentric Tows of teeth meshing with the gears 13 on the first said shafts 8; oT a 7° gears for transmitting the rotations of the - fivst said shafts 8 to the second said shafts 19; a carrying-tooth mounted on the disk; means for causing the said tooth to mesh with the first said gears 13; a rotations-count- ing mechanism actuated by the said disk and possessing a plurality of radial shafts 24 lo- cated between the second said shafts 19, a figure-wheel 25 on each of the counting-mech- anism shafts 24; and means for returning the said figure-wheels 20 and 25 to the zero posi- tion; substantially as described. . ; 12. Ina calculating-machine in which the various places of the result are displayed in circular order, in combination, a plurality of shafts, a gear on each shaft and means for sliding the gears lon ritudinally on their shafts; a rotary disk gears; a second series of shafts, a figure- wheel on each of the same, and means for transmitting the rotations of the said gears to the figure-wheels ; a carrying-tooth carried by the said disk; means for causing the tooth to engage with the said gears; an audible sig- nal located in the case, and means actuated by the carrying - tooth for operating the same, substantially as described. 13. In a calculating-machine, in combina- tion, an adjusting mechanism presenting for each place a group of, figures, and a second group of figures located adjacent to the first group and so disposed that the figures of the second group are completed by the corre- sponding figures of the first group’ through all places seriatim to the power of £10” cor- responding to the number of the places; an indicating mechanism; means for transfer- ‘ring the completion, value introduced by the second group to the said indicating mecha