Historical Document · 1966
Kitz's ANITA patent, filed 29 December 1961 (priority 1957) and granted 18 October 1966: decade counting devices, nines-complement subtraction, multiplication by repeated addition and shifting, division by repeated subtraction, and an early brush-scanned version with numeral wheels.
Oct. 18, 1966 3,280,315 N, KITZ KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196 2. Sheets-Sheet l 7 /7 /W/EWTOR M2a4Ap/A272 d ???? ??? A77OARWEYs Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196 2. Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 2 -- 450 Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 1961 2. Sheets-Sheet 5 AG. 3 t:#Hig?: | ????! i ? sEÄiSSis- t 54 SNS Oct. 18, 1966 3,280,315 Ni, KITZ KEY CONTROLLED DECIMA ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 1961, 2. Sheets-Sheet 4 C7. 42 Oct. 18, 1966 3,280,315 N, KITZ KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196 2. Sheets-Sheet 5 ?T?T??T AW/EWTOR (??? ???? 269 ????? ? a A77OARWAYS Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 1961 2l. Sheets-Sheet 6 /A/VEWTOR //??*?(?/??? A77OARWAYS Oct. 18, 1966 Ni, KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196 2. Sheets-Sheet 7 Fig. 9. 370 29/36328 EAAS3325 52s-336 13 7OA INNER ? ? || 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |é|7 | 3 || 9 | o||||Dé€* OU)7AAR / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 OMM, 2 ?O77OM AOACAK /W/AW7OAR /2/2/???e?/? Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMA, ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196l. 2. Sheets-Sheet 8 Oct. 18, 1966 N. KTZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECEMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196l 2. Sheets-Sheet 9 Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CAICULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196 2) Sheets-Sheet lo AB) ????? Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196l. 2l Sheets-Sheet li | | | | || | /A/l/AEA/7 CAP Norbert Kitz ey Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196 2. Sheets-Sheet 2 A/G /6. ?? ?? f -- ?; -- 7. -- -- /A??? 1 2 3 4/6 6 7 8 9 / / U JUU | 4 S///WA -- TL| ?? ? 6 ??77 t - I 52//NE 5/7/7 (WA/WGA A/WA ??72 i LIL ?7% Norbert Kit Z 47 TORAveys Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196l 2. Sheets-Sheet 3 — | '9/9/ Norbert Kitz BY 7 A 77 CDAR AVEY Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 1961 2l Sheets-Sheet 4. |--FG. Cycle / UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 90 UUUUUU UU 8/1 7/2 6/3 6/4 4/5 3/4 2/7 -- OO #- GAO + 40 //62 0 - 40 — (GAO - OO /wve/v7OR Norberf Kifz asy ?????k/ _ailed-label4 A77 OARAVA: Xár Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196l. 2l Sheets-Sheet 5 Norbert Kitz AY A 77OKRAVE Y Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 1961 2. Sheets-Sheet 6 f/W/AAV7OA& Norbert Kitz A77 OA3/VAs Y.S. Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 1961 2. Sheets-Sheet 7 99%/ + (79 ??????/ ???? ????????????? ????? fer;??? ATTOKNE Y Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196l. 2l Sheets-Sheet 8 GAO fOAPO .//?A?/ f/AC/ - I -k- 31/AA5 f/AW// -25 Norbert Kitz A3/ A 77 OPRAVEX Oct. 18, 1966 N. KTZ 3,280,315 KEY CONTROLLED DECIMAL ELECTRONIC CAICULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 29, 196 2. Sheets-Sheet 9 f1 38 32 3/ f/A2 f/A3 ----- ?????? ) ( ) ( | Norbert Kitz A3Y er's likal !, A77ORAVEY Oct. 18, 1966 N. KITZ Filied Dec. 29, 196 2l Sheets-Sheet 2. 90/C7 //VivaAvToe Norbert Kitz As Y ????/ ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? 6 ?? United States Patent Office 1. 3,280,315 Patented Oct. 18, 1966 2 FIGURE 18 is a circuit diagram of the gate circuit 3,280,315 CG and the electronic changeover switch CS illustrated KEY CONTROLLED DECMAL ELECTRONIC in FIGURE 14; CALCULATING MACHINE 19 is a circuit diagram of the timing device T Norbert Kitz, London, England, assignor to Bell Punch andFIGURE its input amplifier TA illustrated in FIGURE 14; Company Limited, London, England, a company of Great Britain FIGURE 20 is a circuit diagram of the control device C, its input amplifier CA, the gate circuits CGA and CGB, Filed Dec. 29, 1961, Ser. No. 164,645 the bank of multiplier keys MK and the switching ar 45 Claims. (Cl. 235-160) rangement CM illustrated in FIGURE 14; This invention relates to calculating machines, and 10 FIGURE 21 is a circuit diagram of the counting device more particularly to digital calculating machines which 11R, its input amplifier 11A, the gate circuits 11GA, may be constructed, in various forms all including im 11GB, 11GC and 11GF and the bank of keys 11K illus portant elements in common, to perform any one or more trated in FIGURE 14; of the arithmetical operations of addition, subtraction, FIGURE 22 illustrates the plus and minus gate drive multiplication and division. The invention may be em 15 wave forms in the machine of FIGURE 14; bodied in machines operating essentially by electrome FIGURES 23 and 24 ilustrate in sectional side eleva chanical means, as regards the development and accumu tion and in plan, respectively, the keyboard and phasing lation together of digital pulses for delivery to storage interlocks with which is provided the machine of FIG means, and it may also be embodied in machines employ URE 25; ing space discharge devices for the performance of those 20 FIGURE 25 is a plan view of the exterior of a machine functions. The present invention is a continuation-in of electronic type according to the invention whose circuit part of my applications Serial Nos. 682,376, 682,394 and is shown in FIGURE 14; and 682,396 filed September 6, 1957 and of my application FIGURE 26 is a circuit diagram of apparatus which Serial No. 819,068 filed June 9, 1959, all of which appli may be incorporated into the machine of FIGURE 14 in cations have been abandoned. 25 order to permit the moving of numbers from one part of The invention will now be further described by refer the register of that machine to another part of that reg ister. ence to the accompanying drawings in which: FIGURE 1 is a circuit diagram of an electronically Referring to FIGURE 13 of the drawings, there is controlled electromechanical key operated calculating shown a circuit diagram of an electromechanical calcu machine according to the invention capable of effecting 30 lating machine constructed in accordance with the present addition, subtraction, multiplication or division; -invention, and adapted to perform the operations of addi tion and subtraction. FIGURE 2 illustrates diagrammatically a multicathod stepping electronic tube which may be employed as a In the circuit diagram shown in FIGURE 13 there is counting device in a machine constructed in accordance diagrammatically illustrated a machine comprising twelve 35 orders of keys. Each order of keys is provided with with the present invention; FIGURES 3 and 4 are respectively plan and side elle nine keys, each key being arranged to be manually oper vation views of a key controlled calculating machine em ated and in so doing to close one pair of contacts asso bodying the circuit arrangement illustrated in FIGURE 1 ciated with said key and open a second pair of contacts to effect addition, subtraction, multiplication or division; associated with the same key. The two pairs of contacts 40 FIGURES 5 and 6 are side and elevation views of one associated with each of these keys are hereinafter desig order of keys in the main keyboard of the machine of nated as S. and K contacts and each pair of contacts is FIGURES 3 and 4; designated by a pair of index figures, the Superscript indi FIGURES 7, 8, 9 and 10 illustrate a device whereby cating the order of keys with which the contacts are the numeral registered upon a multicathode counting tube associated, the subscript representing the number of the of a key controlled office calculating machine can be reg 45 key of the said order. Contacts S and K are respectively istered upon a mechanically operated numeral wheel; normally open and normally closed. Thus the contacts FIGURES 11 and 12 are respectively side elevations marked S8 and K81 comprise the contacts which are asso of the multiplier key and control key columns in the ciated with the first key of the third order of keys. The machine of FIGURES 3 and 4; contacts associated with any one order of keys are con FIGURE 13 is a circuit diagram similar to that of FIG 50 nected, in a manner hereinafter described, to nine studs URE 1, but showing the components of the circuit of arranged for example as a printed circuit or as a series FIGURE 1 necessary to carry out the operations of addi of studs embedded in a suitable material or in any other tion and subtraction only; suitable manner, in circular formation upon the face of a commutator plate. FIGURE 14 is a block diagram of the electrical circuit of a calculating machine of electronic type according to 55 The studs associated with the first order of keys are the present invention; designated Oo to Oa, those associated with the second order of keys as Po to P8, those associated with the third FIGURE 15 illustrates the wave forms of the outputs order of keys as Qo to Q, those associated with the fourth T1, T2, T3 and T4 of the timing device of FIGURE 14; order of keys as Ro to Ra and so on, for twelve orders FIGURE 16 is a simplified circuit diagram of the pulse keys, so that the studs associated with the eleventh generator PG and changeover switch 1S illustrated in 60 of and twelfth order of keys are designated Yo to Ys and FIGURE 14; Zo to Z8 respectively. Thus in a calculating machine FIGURE 17 illustrates the wave forms on the terminals constructed in accordance with the present invention in 1/8 to 9/0 in FIGURE 16; which there are twelve orders of keys designed to effect 3,280,315 4 3. calculations based upon the decimal system, a predeter portion (that is, the right-hand end portion when view ing FIGURE 13) of each of the commutator segments Og mined number of the nine studs associated with any one particular order of keys can be energized upon the actua to Zg. Further, arranged in advance (that is to the right of the stud Oo when viewing FIGURE 13) of the studs tion of a selected key of that order. The number of studs which are selected depend upon whether the machine is Oo to Os and in line with the leading end (that is the set to effect addition or subtraction. In the case of addi right-hand end portion when viewing FIGURE 13) of the tion the number of studs selected is the same as the num commutator segment Og of the first order of keys is a ber which the actuated key represents whereas in the Stud D to which is applied a negative potential when the Switch CS4 is set in the position indicated in the draw case of subtraction the number of studs selected is the nines complement of the number which the actuated key 0. ing where the machine is arranged to effect subtraction. represents. The commutator segments Os to Z are each connected to a separate accumulator Otto to Zo, operable as a result Considering the arrangement of S and K pairs of con of electrical impulses, and each accumulator is connected tacts illustrated in FIGURE i3 in connection with the through a separate diode O to Z or other unidirectional first order of keys, it will be observed that the pairs of contacts S1 to Sg are connected in parallel with one an 15 electronic device to a bus-bar J. Mounted in advance of the batch of studs O to Oa other. and that the pairs of contacts K-1 to Kg are con and the associated commutator segment Os (that is to nected in series with one another and also in series with the right of the right-hand stud Oo, and to the right of the parallel arranged S1 to Sg pairs of contacts. the right-hand end of the commutator segment O when The studs associated with the first order of keys are designated O to Os and are so connected that the first 20 viewing FIGURE 13) are a pair of studs E-E which are arranged to be swept by a rotatable brush F preferably stud Oo is arranged in series with the pair of contacts S1 arranged to rotate continuously and operable to short cir and the remaining studs O1 to Os are connected so that the stud O1 is connected between the pairs of contacts cuit any pair of contacts or a contact and a commutator segment which it may bridge. The brush F is arranged K1 and K2, the stud O2 is connected between the pairs of contacts K2 and K3, the stud O between pairs of 25 as it rotates to sweep over the batches of O to Oa up to Zo to Z8 studs and the commutator segments O9 to Z of contacts K3 and K4, the stud O4 between the pairs of various orders of keys so as to bridge associated studs contacts K4 and Ks, the stud Os between the pairs of the and commutator segments. The brush F is also arranged contacts K's and Ks, the stud Os between the pairs of to bridge the A studs and their associated commutator contacts K6 and K, whilst the stud O is connected be tween the pairs of contacts K and K's whilst the stud 30 segments Og to H and also the B-B, and the C-C studs associated with each order of keys. O8 is connected between the pairs of contacts Ka and The studs C and B mounted in advance of each batch Kg. The pair of contacts Kg is connected to one terminal of studs Oo to Os up to Zo to Z8 are connected respec tively to the trigger electrode Tg of the valve T and to CS4 of a two-way switch CS4 whilst the pairs of contacts S1 to S9 are connected in parallel to the other terminai 35 the cathode Ts of the valve T whilst the studs C and B mounted in advance of corresponding commutator seg CS of the two-way switch CS4. ments Og to Zg and H are connected to a source of posi When the anode T31 of a valve T is connected through tive potential M. the terminal CSP of the two-way switch CS4 to the Spairs The studs A mounted adjacent to the leading studs, of contacts of the first order of keys and a key of the first order of keys is actuated the number of studs corre 40 namely the studs Po, Qo, Ro and so on up to Yo and Zo and also following the stud Za are connected to the anode sponding to the number which the actuated key repre T4 of a valve Ta. The valves T3 and T are arranged as sents will have a potential applied to them whereas when a two stage transfer store. the anode T of the valve T is connected to the K pairs One of the studs E-E is connected to a “one shot de of contacts through the terminal CS4 of the two-way switch CS4 and a key of the first order of keys is actuated 45 vice' which comprises a condenser U arranged normally to be connected through a common contact U1 and a con a number of studs corresponding to the nines complement tact U2 of a two-wap switch U to a source of power of the number which the actuated key represents will have designed to charge the condenser U. When the com a potential applied to them. It will be observed that if mon contact U breaks contact with the contact U, and CS4 is set with the terminal CS8 in contact with the terminal CS4 and if none of the keys of an order of keys 50 makes contact with the contact Us the condenser U is connected to the upper one of the studs E-E above is actuated all the nine studs of the said order will have a referred to and when the studs E-E are bridged by the potential applied to them whereas if the No. 1 key of brush F, a striking pulse is applied to the trigger elec that order of keys is actuated eight studs will have a po trode T1 of the valve T. tential applied to them, that is, one less than the number 55 The Oo to O8 up to the Zo to Z8 studs and the corre of studs. sponding commutator segments Og to Zg associated with The above arrangement enables both addition and sub the various orders of keys and also the commutator seg traction to be effected by depressing a key indicative of ment H associated with the studi A to the left of Zo to Z the figure which has to be added or subtracted, thus avoid are arranged in circular concentric paths upon a com ing the necessity of providing keys with two figures, one the complement of the other, in order to guide an operator 60 mutator plate 12 (FIG. 4) and the brush F is mounted concentrically with the said studs and commutator seg in the case of a calculation where subtraction is required. ments So that as the brush Frotates it successively bridges The arrangement described above applies to the studs the Oo to CP8 up to Zo to Za studs and the associated com associated with each order of the twelve orders of keys mutator segments Os to Zg and the stud A to the left of comprising the machine. Associated with each batch of studs and arranged 65 the studs Zo to Z8 and the commutator H. The studs Oo to O8 up to. Zo to Z8 and the studs C, B parallel thereto are commutator segments Og, P9, Q9, R9, and A, as also the commutator segments Og to Z and H etc., up to Yg and Z. Arranged between adjacent batches and the associated studs C, B are illustrated in the draw of nine studs Oo to Os, Po to Ps, Q to Qs and so on up ing as lying in line with the brush. F regarded as mov to Y to Ys and Z to Zs are three studs C, B and A. Each pair of studs C and B are arranged in alignment with 70 ing over the studs and commutator segments in a linear path from right to left. corresponding pairs of studs C and B1, mounted in ad It will be observed that when the brush F bridges the vance (that is to the right of the right-hand end when studs E-E with the contacts U and Ua connecting the viewing FIGURE 13) of each of the commutator seg condenser Ua to one of the studs E, a positive pulse is ?ments O, P, Q9, R9 and so on up to Yg and Zg, whilst applied to the trigger electrode T1 of the valve T. The each of the studs A are arranged in line with the leading 5 3,280,315 6 effect of which is to apply a positive potential from the terminal M to the cathode Ts of the valve T but as the is connected to the cathode T of the valve T whilst the valve T3 is at this stage nonconductive the application of anodes T81 and T8 of the valves T and T are connected the said positive potential is noneffective. It will be ob by a condenser Us. The circuit arrangement of the valves served that at this stage of the operations the transfer de T and T is such that when the valve T is conducting the vice comprising the valves T3, T4 and T9 has been cleared. valve T2 is non-conducting and vice versa. The continued movement of the brush F causes it to The anode T31 of the valve T is connected to the com bridge a contact D and the leading end (that is the right mon terminal CS8 of the two-way switch CS4. The two hand end when viewing FIGURE 1) of the commutator way switch CS4 is operable so that in one position with O Segment O9 which if the common terminal CS3 of the two the contact CS24 in engagement with the common termi way switch CS4 is making contact with the contact CS1 nal CS84 a circuit is connected from the anode T81 of the has a negative potential applied to it, whereas if the com valve T through the common terminal CS84 and the con mon terminal CS84 of the two-way switch CS4 is making tact CS, of the two-way switch CS4 to all the pairs of S contact with the contact CSP the stud D is dead. contacts of the various orders of keys. Whilst when the 15 The purpose of the stud D will be hereinafter explained common terminal CS8 of the two-way switch CS4 is placed when dealing with subtraction. in engagement with the contact CS4 the anode T81 of the The further movement of the brush F over the studs O valve T is connected directly to the K pairs of contacts to Os of the first order of keys transmits, in the form of of the various orders of keys. an impulse or impulses, the potential, which has been It will be observed that all the Oo to Os up to Zo to Z8 20 applied to a stud or a selected series of studs of the first studs associated with the various orders of keys are nor order of keys as the result of a key actuation, to the com mally at zero potential whilst the pairs of CC1 and BB1 mutator Segment Og, whereupon the impulse or impulses studs, when bridged by the brush F, successively apply a are transmitted from the commutator segment O to the positive potential from M to the trigger electrode Tig of accumulator O10 to register in the said accumulator a nu the valve T and the cathode Ts of the valve T3. The meral which is related to the numeral of the actuated key potentials applied to the cathodes of the valves T1, T2, T3, of the first order of keys. T, and T are as indicated, merely by way of example, in The continued movement of the brush F causes it to FIGURE 1 as -300 volts. The anode T3 of the valve bridge studs C-C which precede the studs Po to Pa asso T and the anode T4 of the valve T are provided with ciated with the second order of keys. The bridging of anode resistors T1 and T4 respectively which ensure that the studs C-C1 applies a potential to the trigger electrode when the valves T and T4 are conducting a potential of Tg of the valve T9 which remains conductive or is re -150 volts is applied to the studs to which they are con turned to the conductive state depending upon whether or nected. not a carry was being propagated. If there was such a An accumulator H is connected to a commutator seg carry T4 will be turned on by T clearing. When the ment H with which there is not associated an order of 35 brush. F bridges the B-B1 studs which precede the second valve T is connected in circuit with a valve T which is normally conducting. The cathode T1 of the valve T keys, the function of the accumulator H1 is merely to Order of studs Po to P8, the effect is as with the first order accept from the stud A disposed between the Zo to Z8 and that the valve T remains nonconductive. As the brush the O to Os series of studs, any transfer that may be F sweeps over the studs of the second order of studs Po to transmitted from the accumulator Z10. P8 to which a potential has been applied from the anode Arranged in advance (that is to the right-hand side 40 Ti of the valve T, an impulse or impulses is or are trans when viewing FIGURE 1) of the studs E-E are a pair mitted through the commutator segment Po to the accumu of studs G-G one of which is connected to a source of lator P10 of the second order of keys to vary the value positive potential whilst the other is connected to the registered in the second accumulator by an amount re trigger electrode T of the valve T. lated to the value of the actuated key. The further move When the machine is set for operation but none of the 45 ment of the brush F over the succeeding orders of studs keys of the various orders of keys has been actuated, the Qo to Qa up to Zoto Za will vary the value in the succeed valves T and T are conductive as is indicated by shade ing accumulators Quo to Z10 by numbers which are related lines, whilst the valves T1, T3 and T4 are non-conductive. to the keys which are actuated in the said orders. The circuit arrangements of the valves T and T2 are When the brush F has made one complete revolution such that when the valve T is conductive the valve T 50 it will bridge the studs G-G and in so doing will apply is nonconductive and vice versa. The construction of the machine is such that, in the case of addition and subtraction, upon the depression of a positive potential to the trigger electrode T1 of the valve T2, thereby rendering the valve T conductive, and the valve T nonconductive. any one key of an order of keys a motor driving the When the accumulator associated with any one order of movable parts thereof is automatically switched on. As 55 keys reaches the maximum numeral that that accumulator a result of the operation of the motor the contacts U1 and is designed to register means are provided according to U of the one shot device are closed and the condenser U. the present invention to transfer unity into the accumulator is connected to one of the studs E-E. of the next higher order. This is in the main accomplished The brush F which is caused to rotate as a result of by the provision of a two stage transfer store which com the switching on of the motor will be assumed to bridge 60 prises, following each of the pairs of studs B-B1 and C-C, firstly the contacts E-E and thereby apply a positive the provision of a stud A arranged in line with the leading pulse to the trigger electrode T1 of the valve T1, thus end of the associated commutator segment and capable causing the valve T to be rendered conductive and the of having a potential applied to it upon an accumulator of valve T nonconductive. As hereinbefore stated, depend one order reaching the maximum capacity thereof and ing upon the position of the common terminal of the two 65 transferring an impulse as a result of such applied poten way switch CSA the potential from the anode T1 of the tial to the accumulator of the next higher order. The valve T is either applied directly to the S or K pairs of arrangement according to the present invention is that each contacts of the various orders of keys. A stud disposed between succeeding orders of studs Oo As the brush F proceeds in its path it bridges and short to O8 up to Zo to Z8 has a potential applied to it when circuits the studs C-C the effect of which is to apply a 70 the accumulator of the preceding order has reached the positive potential from the terminal M to the trigger elec maximum numeral that it is designed to register. Thus in trode Tig of the valve Tg but as the valve T is normally the arrangement illustrated in FIGURE 13 it will be as conductive the application of this positive potential is sumed that the accumulators O10 to Zio are operable to noneffective. The further movement of the brush F register according to the decimal system. The accumu causes it to bridge and short circuit the studs B-B1 the lators are designed so that in changing from 9 to 0 an 3,280,315 7 accumulator transmits an impulse through a diode or any other undirectional electronic tube associated with the said accumulator to a bus-bar J from which it is trans mitted to the trigger electrode is of the valve T whereby the valve T is rendered conductive. The further move ment of the brush F bridges the contacts B-B which ap plies a positive potential from the terminai M to the cath ode T3 of the valve Ta thus rendering the valve T non conductive and the valve T conductive. The valves T3 and T are so interconnected that when T is switched off valve T is switched on (under all other conditions T3 and T4 do not affect each other). It will therefore be ob served that by the transfer of an impulse from one ac cumulator to the busbar a potential is applied to the stud A associated with the commutator segment of the 8 O2, thus ensuring that when the brush F sweeps over the said studs seven impulses will be transmitted to the com mutator Og and thereafter into the accumulator O. In view of the fact that the first stud D of the series of studs associated with the first order of keys is energized from the same line as the seven studs Os to O2 an additional impulse will have initially been transmitted to the accumulator Oio by the brush. F sweeping over the contact D and the commutator segment Og. In consequence the accumulator O O1 o will register 8 which is the tens complement of the nu meral of the actuated key, if the said accumulator was previously registering zero. It will therefore be observed that by the setting of the Switch CS into one of two de sired position, it is either possible to effect addition or Subtraction without calling upon the operator when effect ing subtraction to distinguish the keys which he has to next higher order by virtue of the fact T conducts and actuate when effecting subtraction from the keys which in consequence one is added into the accumulator of the he has to actuate when effecting addition. Further it next higher order before the brush F has commenced to will be readily observed that in the remaining orders is sweep the key controlled studs associated with the said next higher order. It will be readily understood that 20 is the nines complement and not the tens complement that is added into the accumulators when a calculation involv when the valve T was rendered conductive the valve T ing subtraction is being carried into effect. was rendered nonconductive. With the benefit of the foregoing detailed description of It will be further observed that after a transfer impulse the apparatus of FIG. 13 a summary of the operation of has been transmitted from the valve T and after the studs of the said next higher order have been swept by 25 the calculating machine of the invention in the perform ance of addition and substraction may be given as fol the brush F the valve T is rendered nonconductive by lows: the valve T being rendered conductive as a result of the For purposes of addition or subtraction the machine of brush. F bridging the contacts C-C immediately follow the invention includes a plurality of orders of keys and an ing the said next higher order of studs. for each such order, and a further accumu Upon the further movement of the brush F the studs 30 accumulator lator (H1) for the storage of carries. The accumulators B-B are bridged and the valve T is cleared ready to may take the form of multicathode tubes of the type some receive a further transfer impulse even if such further im times called "Dekatrons,” illustrated in FIG. 2. Associ pulse should be produced as a result of the brush. F sweep ated with each order of keys there is provided a series of ing over the first stud of the next higher order and caus nine contacts, arranged to be bridged successively, via a ing the accumulator of the said next higher order to regis commutator bar, to the input of the accumulator of that ter its maximum. It will be observed that the short cir order by means of a pair of brushes F which successively cuiting by brush F of the studs B-B which follow the or bridge the contacts of each order with the commutator der in which the accumulator reached zero not only turns bar of that order, and thus scan all orders successively in on T4 in order to effect a carry into the next higher order but also restores T to nonconducting condition in which it 40 the performance of a single addition or subtraction opera tion. When the machine is set for addition the actuation can accept evidence of a further carry even if the ac of a key in any order effects energization of contacts in cumulator of the said next higher order is brought to that order to a number equal to the value of the key oper zero by the first carry pulse. The valve T is only ren ated. When the machine is set for subtraction the oper dered conductive after the valve T has been firstly ren ation of a key effects energization of contacts in its order dered conductive by a transfer impulse from the busbar J to a number equal to the nines complement of the value and thereafter rendered nonconductive by an impulse from of the key actuated. the studs B-B being applied to the cathode thereof. The When one or more keys have thus been actuated, the addition or subtraction operation desired is effected by initiating motion of the brush, which, in sweeping over the orders of keys. As hereinbefore stated the keys associated with any one 50 the contacts of all orders, applies to the accumulator of each order as many pulses as there are energized con order of keys are operable in such a manner that when a tacts in that order. Such a scanning of the contacts of key of an order of keys is actuated the corresponding S all orders may be called a machine cycle, and upon its pair of contacts is closed and the corresponding K pair of contacts is opened. Referring to the first order of keys 5 5 completion, in a case of addition or subtraction, the motor which drives the brush by which the scanning is it will be observed that if the third key thereof is actu valves T and T therefore can be regarded as a two-stage transfer store which is common to the accumulators of all effected is deenergized, and the machine comes to a stop. ated the contacts S3 are closed and the contacts Ka are Addition of two numbers together is effected in two opened and provided the common terminal CS8 of the Such machine cycles. Subtraction of one number from two-way switch CS4 is making contact with the contact CS2 a potential will be applied, after the brush F has 60 another is effected first by introducing the minuend into the accumulators (previously cleared) in an addition bridged the contacts E-E, from the anode T1 of the valve operation, followed by a machine cycle with the machine T through the third pair of contacts S3 and thereafter Set for subtraction and with actuated keys representative through the closed contacts Ki and K2 to the studs Oo, of the subtrahend. O and O which when swept by the brush F will transmit three impulses to the commutator segment Og and thence In both addition and subtraction the actuated keys to the accumulator Oo, thereby registering upon the ac 65 are released at the end of the operation. cumulator Otto the value of 3 if the reading of the said accumulator was previously zero. If the common terminal of switch CS4 is arranged in contact with the contact CS4 it will be observed that the anode T3 of the valve T will be placed directly in cir Means are provided for the transfer of a “carry" from the accumulator of each order but the highest into that of the next higher order, and from that of the highest O order into the carry accumulator. These carry means comprise additional contacts between the contacts of adjacent orders, which are energized in appropriate fash cuit with the K pairs of contacts and not through the S pairs of contacts, and in consequence if a key is depressed, ion by trigger circuits responsive to output pulses de for example, the second key of the first order of keys, the veloped in the accumulators of the orders of key orders switch K will be opened and a potential will be applied to each of the last seven studs, namely the studs Os to 75 when those accumulators reach their maximum setting, 3,280,315 e.g. a zero setting in a machine operating on the decimal system. O For subtraction, an additional stud is provided in ad vance of the studs of the first order, which is connected Referring to FIGS. 3 to 12, the machine there shown to the subtraction bus and which effects addition into embodies the circuit of FIG. 13, and certain other ap the accumulator of the first order of the tens rather than paratus hereinafter to be described in connection with the nines complement of the number punched into the FIG. 1. Specifically, in FIG. 3, there are shown nine first order (1, in case no key is punched in the first order). orders or columns of nine keys each. Operation of any The brush or brushes (in FIG. 13 one brush Fis shown one of these keys closes, in its order, the S switch and for engagement with the control studs E-E and G-G opens the K switch of corresponding subscript. In addi as well as with the counting studs, while in FIG. 1 a tion, by means hereinafter explained in conjunction with 10 separate brush F1 is provided for the control studs E-E FIGS. 4 and 5, it starts a motor which drives the brush and G-G) are driven by the motor together and may F and it operates the one-shot device U. Switch CS stop in any position. When the motor is started up by is set to the subtraction position shown in FIG. 1 by op operation of a key, by switch means not shown in FIG. eration of a subtract key 88, and it is set to the opposite 1, the brush or brushes rotate until control studs E-E position, for addition, by operation of an add key 87. are bridged. This starts the machine cycle, which is com Each of the twelve orders of nine main keyboard keys pleted when control studs G-G are bridged. has associated therewith a display device shown as a On addition and subtraction, the motion of any main numeral wheel 70, for indication of the contents of the keyboard key slide due to operation of a key in such order accumulator O10 . . . Z10 of that order. energise the motor which carries brushes F, F1 and F2 FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an electromechanical 20 will by engaging contacts 34 and 35 in FIG. 4. calculating machine according to the invention incor On multiplication, such engagement is prevented, by porating the apparatus of FIG. 13 and including in ad element 41 as controlled from the multiplication function dition structure permitting performance of the opera key 39 via element 43 (FIG. 3), until the slide of the tions of multiplication and division. In the apparatus order of multiplier keys is actuated by operation of a of FIG. 1 (so far as concerns the performance of addi 25 multiplier key therein. tion and subtraction) the control studs E-E and G-G On addition and subtraction, the one-shot device U is are scanned by a separate brush Fl, mechanically cou controlled by contacts 232 to 234 of FIG. 5, of which pled to the brush F, and in addition switches CS5 and there is a set for each order of main keyboard keys. CS9 in the circuits of those control studs are set to a These contacts are shifted to deliver a striking voltage to common addition-subtraction position, by operation of 30 the contacts E-E of FIG. 1 whenever any key of the main either of keys 87 and 88 of FIG. 3. keyboard is operated. On multiplication and division, To recapitulate therefore, for the performance of ad there are substituted for these contacts the contacts 417, dition and subtraction the machine of FIGS. 1 and 2 to 418 and 424, 425 on the key slide of the multiplier key column, wherein the "Divide" key 400 causes, on division, set of nine keys, nine pairs of S and K switches operable 35 the extraction of a quotient digit. See FIG. 11. During by those keys, nine studs or contacts (e.g. Oo to Os) multiplication operation of any one of these keys in this Selectively energizable by those keys, a carry stud or column effects a similar shift of contacts 417, 418, 424 contact A, and an accumulator (e.g. O1). The nine S and 425, and during division operation of key 400 does so. switches including one switch from each pair are nor Instead of employing the three valves T, T, and T mally open and are connected in parallel between a bus 40 only one pair of valves Ta and T need be employed in (energizable when addition is to be performed) and the which case the valve T9 can be disregarded but otherwise first of the nine studs (e.g. Oo). The other nine key the circuit arrangement would be as illustrated in FIG controlled switches K of each order are normally closed URE 1. Such an arrangement ensures that the valve T and are connected in series, with the remaining eight is available, at the shortest possible notice after it has re studs (e.g. O1 to Oa) between them, between the first 45 ceived one impulse from the busbar J, to receive a further Stud and a Second bus, energizable when subtraction is impulse in view of the fact that the duty of the first im to be performed. For each order, a commutator is pro pulse has been taken over by the valve T. 12 or 13 and 2 to 12 includes, for each decimal order, a vided, which serves as an input electrode to the accumu The valve To is of value as a means of rendering the lator, delivering to the latter pulses scanned from the . valve T4 nonconductive. energized ones of the nine studs of its order by a brush 50 Thus it will be seen that according to the present in which traverses the studs of all orders successively in vention there is provided an extremely simple means in the performance of an addition or subtraction operation. an electronic calculating machine of transferring unity