Historical Document · 1948
US Patent 2,450,668: Calculator (E. G. Kesling, the Kes-Add)
Kesling's pocket dial adder, filed 22 May 1944 and granted 5 October 1948.
Historical Document · 1948
Kesling's pocket dial adder, filed 22 May 1944 and granted 5 October 1948.
Oct. 5, 1948. E. G. KESLING 2,450,668 CALCULATOR Filed May 22, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 - ?? INVENToR: ??????? ?? ? ? » ??? Oct. 5, 1948. E. G. KESLING 2,450,668 CALCULATOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filled May 22, 1944 VYK LLLqLLLLLLLLqLLLLLLSLLLLLLLLBLLLLqLLqLLLqLLLLLSSLLLSSSBLLLLSqLLLLLLL **********? s Yaaaaaaa LSLLL LLLzLLLLL LL LTTLT LL LLLLLLLTLLTTLTLLL LSLLLLL LLLLL L SLL L SLLLLLLSLLLTLzLLzTAALLLLSLLLTLT L TS T A L A L L L L INVEN TOR: 2,450,668 Patented Oct. 5, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,450,668 CALCULATOR, Elmer G. Kesling, Bloomfield, Mo. Application May 22, 1944, Serial No. 536,842 13 Claims. (Cl. 235-74) 2 1. Fig. 7 is a side elevation partly in section of This invention relates to improvements in cal culating machines, and more particularly to the type having operating dials. Various forms of the detent and lower part of the casing on line - Of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a partial Sectional view on line 8-8 this type of mechanism have been provided but of Fig. 4. all such as are known to me have made use of a Fig. 9 is a Sectional view of One corner of the great number of parts resulting in a device too OWer casing. large for practical purposes, and the cost of man The invention comprises an upper casing and ufacture is made prohibitive. a lower casing 2 which are held together by Some objects of the type of invention set forth tongues 3 on the edge of the lower casing 2, said are: to provide a mechanism that will be simple, 10 tongues 3 extending through appropriate aper Compact and rugged in construction, positive in tures in the upper casing and are bent down as Operation and cheap to manufacture and assemi at A. ble; to provide a mechanism that is so construct The calculator may provide any number of ed and arranged to permit the operator to add or 5 digits; but five as shown is the preferred number. Subtract with equal effort; to provide a mecha The upper casing has circular apertures 5 nism that has a plurality of operating dials, one Which extend substantially 324° leaving a por for each digit, each provided with an accumu tion. 6, about 36, solid. This solid portion 6 lating finger which effects one-tenth of a revo helps to Support and hold the encircled portion lution to the dial of the next higher digit; to acts as a stop for the operating stylus provide a mechanism that has a plurality of op 20 or and pencil. There is one aperture 5 for each digit. erating dials which are resiliently held in normal An inclined shaft 8 is secured in a hole in the position by a spring acting against a detent, there center of each portion , and has a reduced part being one spring and one detent common to all 9 extending through a respective hole in the of the dials, wherein a turning movement of any One of Said dials Will release the detent from all 25 lower Casing 2. Dials 0, . , 2, 3 and 4, one for each digit of the other of said dials and allow them to turn of the calculator, are loosely supported for turn freely, as desired, When and as an accumulation ing movements on the respective inclined shafts is effected; to provide a mechanism that has a 8. The dials each have ten total figures, 0 to 9, reset rack which may be pulled out and pushed printed, cut or otherwise formed on their upper in to reset all dials to Zero position; and to pro 30 faces in Such position that the figure '0' can be vide mechanism that has means acted upon by Seen, When Said dial is in Zero position, through the initial outward movement of said reset rack to raise Said detent and free all dials for turn a total hole 5 provided in the enclosed portion T. The total hole 5 is appropriately placed and ing during the remaining outward movement of total figures are positioned 36° apart so that said reset rack, and acted upon by the initial 35 the a total figure will always be visible through the inward movement of said reset rack to release said total hole 5 at any one-tenth revolution of each detent and hold said dials against turning move of said dials. ment during the continued return movement of Ten Stylus pockets 6 are equally spaced around said reset rack to starting position. Other objects Will become apparent from the 40 each dial, and are so positioned to be visible through the aperture 5. An “X” mark or other following description, which is to be read in con design 7 is So positioned between certain pockets nection with the accompanying drawings form i 6 so it will be positioned under the solid por ing a part thereof. tion 6 when said dial is in zero position. In the drawings: 45 Addition and subtraction figures, 1 to 9, are Fig. 1 is a plan View of the calculator. printed, cut or otherwise formed on the top face Fig. 2 is a vertical enlarged view partly in of the upper casing . The addition figures are section substantially on line 2-2 of Fig. 1. placed consecutively anticlock-wise opposite the Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the calcul respective pockets 6, the figure '1' being opposite lator partly in section. Fig. 4 is a vertical section substantially on line 50 the second pocket 6 to the right of the solid por tion 6; and the Subtraction figures continue clock 4-4 of Fig. 2. wise opposite the respective pockets 6 on the out Fig. 5 is a partial section on the line 5-5 of side of the aperture 5, the figure '1' being oppo Fig. 3. the second pocket 6 to the left of the solid Fig. 6 is a partial plan view of the lower part site 55 portion 6, of the casing, 3 2,450,668 4. The dial has an integral ten toothed gear 8 on its under side. The dials to 4 each have an integral ten toothed gear 9 on their un through a hole 49 in one end of the calculator, and is provided with a thumb nail notch 50 formed in the extended end. A tooth free Space der Side. R 5 is provided opposite each tooth free space 42 Idler gears 20, 22, 22 and 23 each having ten of said gears 4 to allow free turning of said teeth are properly supported between the shafts gears 4. To the left of said Spaces 5, gear teeth 8 for meshing with the gears f of the respective 52 are provided for meshing with the teeth of dials to 4. Stamped pieces 24 are fastened said gears 4, as desired. To the left of said in any practical manner to the lower casing 2 af gear teeth 52, a blank space 53 is provided to fording support to said gears 2) to 23. Said 10 prevent the gears 4 from being turned too far. pieces 24 are punched upward through center At the end of the detent 28, adjacent the dial holes in said gears 29 to 23, thereby forming re 0, an end and side projection 54 is provided Spective bearings 25 for said gears. A line drawn through the Center of Said Shafts 8 Will pass through a tooth point 26 of said gears 20 to 23 respectively. Each dial 0 to 4 has a properly formed gear tooth 27 which is positioned which ends in a tip 55. A hooked bearing 55 of an arm 57 is pivotally 5 hooked into a hole 58 in the lower casing 2, and extends up and over the reset rack 43. Above 18 above said line through said shafts 8. The dials 0 to 4 and the gears 20 to 23 are Said rack 43, Said arm 57 has a depressed por tion 59 which normally rests in a depression 69 26 of the gears 20 to 23 respectively. It is ob normally engages under said tip 55. in said rack 43. The arm 57 extends all inclined to correspond with the inclination of 20 formed over said rack 43 and has a surface 6 which said shafts 8, and are so placed that the tooth normally contacts the inner end wall of the lower 27, as shown in Fig. 3, will mesh with the tooth casing 2 and ends in a tip 62 one side of which vious that each time the tooth 2 effects a turn When the reset rack 43 is pulled out, the de ing of the respective gears 2), 2, 22 or 23 the 25 pressed portion 59 rides up the incline 63 formed corresponding dial is turned in an opposite di at the end of said depression 60 and raises said arm 57 against the resilient action of the spring or a subtraction accumulation. 64 resulting in said tip 62 raising said tip 55 A single detent 28 has a horizontal table like thereby rocking said detent 28 in said bear formation 29, and vertical supports 30 and 3. 30 and ings 34 and 35 against the action of said spring The supports 3) have hooked bearings 32 on 49, thus disengaging said rollers 38 and 37 from their lower edges, and the support 3 has a the teeth of said gears 8 and 2) to 23, respec rection one figure, thereby effecting an addition straight bearing 33 on its lower edge. Properly tively, and allowing said gears to turn freely as positioned bearing holes 34 and 35 are provided required. When the rack 43 is completely pulled in the lower casing 2 (Fig. 6). The holes 34 have 35 out the portion 59 will have dropt into the de an enlarged portion 36 extending toward the pression 65 formed in the top of said rack 43; bearing hole 35. In assembling the device, the and immediately, when said rack 43 is pushed in, hooked bearings 32 are placed in the holes 38 the portion 59 will lag on the incline 66 and which procedure springs the table 29 at a, Fig. the tip 62 will be pulled, against the action of 7; and, when the detent 28 is moved bodily to 40 said spring 64, from under the tip 55 and the Wards the right, the hooked bearings 32 will hook rollers 38 and 37 will reengage the teeth of the under one edge of the bearing holes 34 and when gears 8 and 20 to 23 respectively, thus holding completely in place the bearing 33 will have said dials 0 to 4 in Zero position as said reset dropped into the bearing hole 35, thereby locking rack 43 is pushed in to starting position. The re said detent 28 to the casing 2 for rocking move set rack 43 having been pushed in, the first dial ments. Properly positioned engaging rollers 37 f), , 2, 3 or 4 to be turned will rock the and 38 are rotatably secured to said table 29 by detent 28 and raise the tip 55 and the tip 62 will bearing rivets 39. again slide under the tip 55. Such movement of A tooth space of gear S faces towards the de the arm 57 being effected by said spring 64. tent 28, and the roller 38 engages therein. It is 50 In the manipulation of the calculator, the oper obvious that tooth spaces of said gears 20 to 23 ator uses a stylus or pencil placing the point into face toward the detent 28, and the rollers 37 en the desired pocket 6 of the proper dial and gage therein respectively. The detent 28 is re turning the dial in the required direction to effect siliently held against the gears 8 and 9 by a addition or subtraction as desired. For addi Single Spring 4. It is to be noted that the de 5 5 tion, the addition numbers on the inside of the tent 28 is common to all dials, and that the portion 7 are used, and the dials are turned clock Operation of any one dial will release said detent wise until the stylus strikes the portion 6. For 28 from all of the other dials and allow then to subtraction, the subtraction numbers on the turn freely as required. frame outside the apertures are used, and the A reset gear 4 is made integral with the under 60 dials are turned anti-clockwise until the stylus side of each of the gears 8 and 20 to 23. The strikes the portion 6. teeth of the gears 4 are spaced 36 apart When a tooth 27 meshes with any of the idler and two teeth on the side 42 are missing. gears 29, 2, 22 or 23, an addition or a subtraction A reset rack A3 is positioned on the other side accumulation is effected and the total is always of the device from the detent 28 and slides end visible through the total holes 5. wise on the floor of the casing 2 and is guided by To clear the mechanism or reSet the dials to straps 44 which are secured to the lower casing 2. a Zero position, the total shown may be simply One of said straps 44 has a resilient projection 45 subtracted; (see Fig. 1-a total of $70.20 is shown. with a depression 46 adjacent its free end for The stylus may be inserted into pocket 6 opposite engaging a depression 47 formed in said rack 70 the Subtraction number 7 and the dial f2 turned 43, thereby resiliently holding said rack 43 in anti-clockwise until the stylus strikes the portion place. A stop gap 48 is formed in one side of 8, and into the pocket 6 opposite the subtraction said rack 43 for engaging a part of one of said number 2 and the dial f l turned anti-clockwise straps 44 and preventing said rack 43 from be until the stylus strikes the portion 6. The ca ing pulled out too far. Said rack 43 extends 75 culator is now in Zero position); or the stylus 5. 2,450,668. 6. may be placed into the first pocket clockwise culating members, rotatably mounted thereon, from the cross and each dial turned anti clockwise, until the stylus strikes the portion 6 (also note. Fig. 1); or the reset rack 43 may be pulled out and pushed in, as has heretofore been explained. It is to be noted that if all parts numbered from transfer means between the calculators for trans ferring predetermined rotation of each member into predetermined rotary movement of Succes Sively adjacent ones, detent mechanism having individual means to hold the Several members 55 to 66, inclusive, were omitted or left off a com yieldably against rotation, reset means operable in one direction and then in a return direction, While I have shown and described certain means, and means returning the detent means to plete adding and Subtracting mechanism would Said reset means being adapted to zeroize the cal remain; and it is also to be noted that if all parts O culating members during its movement in one direction, means connecting the reset means and numbered from 4 to 66, inclusive, were omitted or left of a complete adding and subtracting the detent means for releasing the detent means during the zeroizing movement of the reset mechanism would remain. . . - embodiments of my invention, it is to be under 5 hold the calculating members on the movement stood that it is capable of many modifications. Changes, therefore, in the construction and ar rangement may be made without departing from Of the reset means in its other direction. 6. A calculating mechanism including a base, a plurality of calculating members rotatably the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed mounted on the base, means coacting between in the appended claims. 20 the members for effecting accumulation, detent means yieldably holding the calculating Inenbers What I claim as new, and desire to Secure by against rotation, reset means movable for Zero. Letters Patent, is: 1. A calculating mechanism comprising a plu izing the calculating linenbers, means rendering rality of operative dials, means co-acting between the detent meanS ineffective di Ulring Zeroizing said dials for effecting accumulation, a single 25 movement of the reset means, and nealins render. Spring operated detent Inounted for resiliently ing the detent means effective again after a zero izing novement of the reset means is COInpleted. holding all of Said dials, a reset bar mounted for longitudinal movements for returning said dials 7. A calculating mechanism including a base, a to zero position as required, and means co-acting plurality of calculating members rotatably between Said reset þar and Said detent, for releas 30 Inounted. On the base, means coacting between the ing Said dialS during Said reSetting InOVemelt. 2. In a calculator, a base, a lurality of cal culating members rotatably mounted thereon, transfer means between the Calculating nerbers members for effecting accumulation, a support ing member movably mounted on the base, detent means on the supporting member to hold the calculating members against rotation, the Sup porting member being movable to permit the cal culating members to move, spring means yield ably urging the Supporting member toward detent engaging position, reset means movable to zero for transferring predetermined rotation of each member into predetermined rotary novernment of successively adjacent ones, detent mechanisia having individual means to hold the several minem ize the calculating members, interengaging means bers yieldably against rotation, and near S for Op erating the detent mechanism to relieve all of 40 between the reset means and the supporting the members held thereby, at once, Said detent member to effect movement of the detent means mechanism including a single rigid member hav into position to permit movement of the calculat ing means for individually acting to hold each ing members, during zeroizing movement of the calculating member, and means mounting the reset means. rigid member on the base for displacement of all 45 8. A calculating mechanism including a base, a into predetermined rotary movement of Succes sively adjacent ones, detent mechanism having Supporting member being nowable to permit the plurality of calculating members rotatably of said engaging means to release said calculat mounted on the base, means coacting between ing members at once. the members for effecting accumulation, a sup 3. In a calculator, a base, a plurality of cal porting member movably mounted on the base, culating *members rotatably mounted thereon, transfer means between the calculators for trans 50 detent means on the Supporting member to hold ferring predetermined rotation of each member the calculating members against rotation, the calculating members to move, Spring means yieldably urging the Supporting member toward yieldably against rotation, reset means for Zeroiz 55 detent engaging position, reset means movable to Zeroize the calculating members, interengag ing the members, and means connecting the reset ing means between the reset means and the Sup means and detent means to release the detent porting member to effect movement of the detent means from all of the members when the reset means into position to permit movement of the means is operated. 4. In a calculator, a base, a plurality of cal 60 calculating members, during zeroizing movement of the reset means, the reset means being mov culating members rotatably mounted thereon, able from an initial to a Second position to Zeroize, transfer means between the calculators for trans and then being returnable to initial position, said ferring predetermined rotation of each member into precietermined rotary movement of Succes 65 interengaging means including a leWer rocked by sively adjacent ones, detent mechanisin having the reset means and abutting the Supporting member, and means to withdraw the lever from individual means to hold the Several members individual means to hold the Several members yieldably against rotation, reset means Operable one of then after the reset means has completed rection, and means connecting the reset ineans and the detent means for releasing the detent means during the zeroizing movement of the re the return movement. its zeroizing movement but before it completes its return movement, whereby the detent is in culating members during its movement in one di 70 effective during Zeroizing, but is effective during in one direction and then in a return direction, said reset means being adapted to Zeroize the cal 9. A calculator including a base, a plurality of calculating members rotatably mounted on the base, accumulating means between the calculat Set meanS. 5. In a calculator, a base, a plurality of cal 75 ing members, including a gear connected with 2,450,668 8 7 of Calculating members, a plurality of shafts on the base, one for each calculating member, said shafts being angularly disposed on the base, a calculating member having a peripheral tooth, an the frame movable into engagement with said gears, said frame being rockable to withdraw all 5 idler gear angularly pivoted on the base, engage able with the tooth of the calculating member at of the detent elements from the gears, and spring means urging the frame toward engagement of the low side of the member, and the high side of the gear, the adjacent calculating member having the detent elements and the gears. a gear engageable on its high side with the low 10. A calculator including a base, a plurality each member, a detent frame pivoted on the base for pivoting on an axis at right angles to the axes of the calculating members, detent elements on of calculating members rotatably mounted on the 10 side of the idler gear. base, accumulating means between the calculat 13. In a calculator, a base, a plurality of cal culating members rotatably mounted thereon, a ing members, including a gear connected with plurality of toothed elements, one fixedly con each member, a detent frame pivoted on the base for pivoting on an axis at right angles to nected with each calculating member, each the axes of the calculating members, detent elle 15 toothed member having a peripheral gap, a slid able reset bar mounted on the base and disposed ment.S on the frame movable into engagement adjacent said toothed elements for cooperation With Said gears, said frame being rockable to therewith, the bar having recesses spaced apart Withdraw all of the detent elements from the the distance between adjacent toothed elements gears, Spring means urging the frame toward engagement of the detent elements and the gears, 20 to permit rotation of the elements, the bar having toothed portions"On its edge adjacent the recesses, a lever engageable with the frame and pivoted and then having untoothed blank spaces beyond onto the base, and manually operable means to the toothed portions, said toothed portions being rock the lever and the frame to disengage the engageable with the toothed elements when the elements. ll. A calculator including a base, a plurality 25 bar is slid, to return them to positions wherein their peripheral gaps face the bar, and the blank of calculating members rotatably mounted on the Spaces being slidable across the toothed elements base, accumulating means between the calculat when their gaps face the bar, to prevent further ing members, including a gear connected with rotation of the elements. each member, a detent frame pivoted on the base for pivoting on an axis at right angles to the 30 EMER. G. KESLING, axes of the calculating members, detent elements On the frame movable into engagement with said REFERENCES CTED gears, said frame being rockable to withdraw all of the detent elements from the gears, spring The following references are of record in the means urging the frame toward engagement of 35 file of this patent: the detent elements and the gears, a lever en UNITED STATES PATENTS gageable with the frame and pivoted onto the base, a reset slide movable from an initial to a Second position to Zeroize the calculating mem bers, and return, said slide having a rise engage 40 able with the lever to free the detent elements during movement of the slide from initial to Second position, and means to withdraw the lever Niner 130,404 908,731 Name Date Barbour ------------ Aug. 13, 1872 Bonham --------------------- Jan. 5, 1909 1,095,545 1,171,535 Baum et.al. ---------- May 5, 1914 Oliver -------------- Feb. 15, 1916 1764,915 Wethe -----------.n n n n n n n-?? - -June 17, 1930 1950,617 return movement of the slide, to effect reengage 45 450,039 ment of the detent elements during such return movement, and the lever being reengageable with the frame when a gear is thereafter rotated and Number the frame is rocked. 216,318 12. A calculator including a base, a plurality 50: 793,261 Lee ---------------- Mar. 13, 1934 Root --------------- Apr. 7, 1891 FOREIGN PATENTS from the frame, said means being operated by Country Date Germany----------- Nov. 12, 1909 France ---------------------- 1936