Historical Document · 1933
US Patent 1,940,069: Calculating Machine (J. H. Bair)
The Bair / Bair-Fulton adder, granted 19 December 1933: "essentially a Kummer" with an assisted manual carry, a borderline member of the stylus dial-adder type.
Historical Document · 1933
The Bair / Bair-Fulton adder, granted 19 December 1933: "essentially a Kummer" with an assisted manual carry, a borderline member of the stylus dial-adder type.
Dec. 19, 1933. J. H. BAR 1 940,069 CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 7, 928 - VAMVVETMV7’AOAR 2 1,940,069 The base plate 1 carries a series of pans 11", to the typewriter it is quickly attached again all in line with each other, and adapted to have and as Securely firm as though it were an integral laid in them, flat on their bottoms, the respective part of the machine. counter disks 3 and to have placed over them the Having now described the purposes and func cover 2 in such a manner that the pans 11 there 80 tionings of my invention, for a fuller comprehen of extend through the openings of their respec sion of its detail structure I refer to the draw tive number disks, forming for them bearings ing, of which :and seating in the marginal depressions 31 of Figure I is a full sized, plan View of the na the corresponding pans 11 of the base With Which O chine. they are concentric. In this relation, the notched 85 Figure II is a plan view of a selected portion sector 8 of the disks 3 superposes the clearance of the base. This part, like the cover, is formed races 28-28 of the base and the end Stops up Out of thin sheet-metal, and carries depres 29-29' of the sector 8, in its there-and-back ex sions, and races for the actuating pencil, and cursions, abut against the respective ends 30-30' 15 is adapted to house between it and the cover the of the counter clearance raceways thus deter calculating disks, of Which, mining the limits of rotation of the disks 3. The Figure III is a detail, plan view. central openings in the pans 11’ are later Figure IV is a selected portion of a channel ally extended so as to interrupt the clearance piece, by means of which the base and cover races 28-28. At the ends of this interruption 20 parts are locked together and the number carry are slots 32, the rims of which are depressed to 95 ing slides are housed. These slides are pref the plane of the rest of the margin 31 of the cut erably white and of a cellulose material, capable away, to receive the turned down ends 32' of the of having numeral characters Written thereon Spring (shown in Figure V) which spans the gap by a pencil, and to have them shifted decimally and presses its hump 8' (Figure II) into a notch 25 and erased when no more required. of sector 8 of the disk overlying. The hump of 100 Figure W is an enlarged, perspective detail of the spring always cooperating with the notch in a Spring shown in position in Figure II. line, clicks the disk into the exact position it Figure VI is a cross Section, on the line WI-VI, should be. The disk always yields readily to the looking in the direction of the arrow of Figure I, actuating pencil, yet it is sure never to be left numbers of a column are listed. When returned enlarged. in an intermediate position. 105 Figure VII is an enlarged, perspective detail of With the cover 2 on the base 1 and the disks 3 the denominating device, showing its structure interposed respectively between the pans 11 and and method of assembling it. 11’, as is the case When the machine is assen 1 is the base of the calculator, 2 the cover, 3 bled and ready for use, the teeth of any disk, 35 the number disks housed between base and cover, above and below, extend beyond the margin of 10 4 and 4" slidable strips and 5 the channel carry the cover and are exposed in a slot 22 above and ing them and by means of which the base and 22' below, formed between the margin of the cover are locked together when the calculator is cover pan 11 and the rim of the base pan 11". assembled. These strips 4 and 4", preferably Through the guidance of the Setting-up Series, 20 40 of White celluloid, are adapted to have numbers above, and 20' below, the teeth in these slots are 15 14 and 14" written thereon, in the windows 13 Selectively engaged and actuated by the pencil. and 13” exposing a portion of them, by the actu On the upper margin, around the pan 11 of the ating pencil P (Fig. 8). These numbers are cover is this index Series, in counter-clockwise ar shiftable by sliding the strips of celluloid upon rangement, and stepped with the teeth extending 45 which they are written so as to display them in beyond it, Below, the series is in clockwise ar 120 windows representing higher or lower decimal rangement. One of the teeth 6, exposed above, positions. The channel part 5, in which these is the pointer 7, and below is the pointer 7. slides 4 and 4' are operated, has a series of in The index Series 20 and 20’’ indicate, for any num termediate studs 15, struck up out of the metal, ber which is to enter into a transaction, where 50 which serve as a partition to keep the slides apart the pencil is to engage the teeth in the actuat 125 and in line with their respective series of windows ing slot exposing them. The requirement is (as and also afford a means of assembling the base, already explained above) that if the pencil en cover and channel and of keeping them locked gages the disk to the right of the director tooth firmly, together as effectively as though it were it is drawn to the right to the stop (21 if adding 55 done with screws. On the bottom of the chan and 21" if Subtracting). Addition transactions 130 nels, and integral with them, are pressure bands take place above, as do also multiplications, which D. These are formed by a slot on either side are merely repeated additions; Subtraction and and they are slightly bent up in their middles division (repeated Subtraction) transactions take above the plane of the base so as to exert a slight place below. If the actuating pencil engages the pressure on the slides overlying them. This a S teeth to the left of the director tooth it is required 35 Sures the slides staying in the position they are to draw it leftward to the stop 23, or 23, which placed to expose the numbers thereon properly involves carrying, i. e., advancing or retracting in the windows and at the same time makes them the adjacent, or next, higher-denomination disk readily yield when sliding them to expose the One step. The result of the transaction is shown figures in other windows. in the sight openings 12, of the cover, which dis 10 The number disk 3, carrying a numeral series play, each, that number of the underlying Series 9 On a Sector thereof and a series of notches 8, of the sector 9 which happens to stop below it, corresponding to the numbers, in a sector opposite All these openings 12 together show the total to the number sector, is margined by a series and are designated as the total-dial, of equally spaced teeth 6, in relation to the num In the base 1, and below the slots formed by 145 bers and the notches, and of which there is one the spaces interposing the periphery of the pans long tooth 7 and another 7' diametrically op 11' and the marginal flanges of the cover pans posite it adapted to be recurved upon themselves 11 in which the teeth 6 are exposed, are half and to Serve as pointers, as hereinafter to be round races 22, 22, and 23 and 23. These pro described. Wide clearance under the exposed teeth and af 30 3 1,940,069 ford the actuating pencil-point more purchase the tongue T in the base out of mesh with the so that it is not likely to slip over them but to notch t in the channel 5, where it serves as a drive them along in the actuating stroke. The latch. Push the channel unitward until the stud races 25 and 25' are those leading from the slots 15 which comes up through a Square hole 15 in of one wheel to those of another adjacent to it. the cover, is against the units side of the hole, 80 On the margin of the cover, and on the base below then its heel is free from its support on the other them are arms 26 and 26 to assure that the side of the hole and wholly in it and it will fall actuating pencil-point will not leave its required down through it and all the parts of the machine ? course when rapidly passing from the slots of are free and can be separated. 10 one disk.to; those of the other. When the pencil Addition and subtraction have been explained. is resisted from making the carrying transaction, To multiply, for example, 425 by 335, write, with and can, therefore, not enter the slot 23 (23. in the actuating pencil, on the celluloid strip in the subtraction) it is retracted and driven along the first three windows respectively 4-2-5, the mul race 25 (25 in subtraction) where it enters the tiplicand, above, and 3-3-5, the multiplier, be: It is re low, as is illustrated in Figure I. The multiplying quired to push it along leftward, in engagement always takes placementally. In the units posi with the teeth and to the next carrying slot. If tion we note. 5 in the multiplicand and 5 in the it can enter and effect carrying, the transaction multiplier: 5x5=25. List the number where 5 actuating slot 22 (22' in Subtraction). is complete. If it is again barred by the tooth the number multiplied is, not where the number by which it is multiplied is. The first product is 95 cedure into the next disk's slot is repeated, and 25. 5. is listed in the units wheel and 2 in the 20 in the slot resisting actuation the leftWard, pro so on until carrying is successful. * : tens. You have it there 25 in the total windows. : Because a flange R is depressed on the base in 5 twos=10; list it where the 2 (multiplicand) is. front even below the level of the pans so that the 5 fours=20. List it where the four is. And you 25. teeth are exposed at their forward edge, a ridge have in your total 2125. That is: 425 multiplied 100 27 borders the outer edge of the pencil race 22' by 5 equals 2125. Now draw the celluloid strip to keep the pencil in its course. This arrange 4 leftward. One, decimal position so that the 425 ment of the teeth extending beyond the terrace thereon is displayed in the thousands, hundreds makes its easy for the finger sliding along on the and tens windows instead of in the hundreds - 30. flange against the terrace, from left to right, to tens and units ones. Now multiply through by 105 engage the teeth of the successive disks, as it the second figure of the multiplier, 3. But sup passes, and drag them to a re-set position, to pose you begin at the other end of the multipli show a nought (O) in all the total windows. Here cand. This is easier. 3 fours=12. List it where 35 is the most practical means of satisfactorily re the 4 is. 3. twos=6. List it where the 2 is. 3 setting the machine. By one stroke of the finger fives= 15. i List it where the 5 is. You have: mul 10 across the front, the total showing is wiped out, tiplied 425 by 30 and in the same operation added, and there is no clearing mechanism to get out it to 5 times 425. The result is 14875. Move the of order. It is indicated by the signs: 16 (--), slide 4, another decimal step leftward till it shows 17 (-), 18 (X) and 19 (--) printed on thema in the windows. You are now multiplying 425 by 40 chine where addition, subtraction, multiplication 300; since the 3 of the multiplicand 335 is in the 115 hundreds position, Multiply through: 4 by 3, and division transactions take place. . . The denomination indicator. (Figures I, VI. 2. by 3 and 5 by 3, never forgetting to list and VII) is a shifting device by means of which the product each time where the multiplicand to change the machine from indicating dollars figure is... Your total shows 142.375. Return the 120 slide. 4. to its original position and you have This is accomplished by two pointers 10 and 10 425x335-142375. In one dial is shown themula. 45? and cents to whole. numbers, and Vice Versa. united by a slotted rod 37 which, when one, is tiplicand; in another the multiplier and in total shifted the distance of one decimal step, the other dial, the product. Now suppose wereverse the is shifted also. The pointers 34, turned up at the operation and divide. We have in the total dial 25 hue to contrast with that of the machine, and are the divisor: 335 and in the upper, windows the bent to conform to the rear and top of the base 1 quotient: 425. Move leftward the devisor 335 which has a longitudinal slot in the rear, (not until it is displayed under the 142 of the divi shown) for each pointer. This slot is the length dend. 335 is not contained in 142 so bring down 55 of the distance between two adjacent total win the next number 3. This is done by retracting 130 dows. A tongue: 35 (Fig. VII), bent in from the the divisor 335 one decimal position. You now rear of the pointer plate 10, extends through the have 1423 (in the total) over 335 (the divisor). slot in the base and the slot 36 in the connecter. It goes 4 times: The 4 is already there of the plate 37. A slit half through the tongue permits quotient 425. Multiply through by the four (and 80 it to be...bent up so that it cannot slip out. The as you are subtracting it must be done below). 135 band 37, being of spring material and flexed, pulls f4 threeS12. List it where the three is. , 4 times in at the two ends where it is attached to pointers 3 again. List it where that 3 is... 4 times 5-20. 10 and 10", by means of the tongues therefrom List it where the 5 is... You have 83 left. You have . . extending through the clearance slots, presses multiplied 335 by 4 and at the same time sub 50 free end, are made out of thin sheet metal, of a the dividend: 142375; in windows on the slide 4 65 these pointers firmly on the base and prevents tracted it from 1423, and the difference is the 83 140 them from accidentally being shifted. But at the remaining. 335 won't go into 83; so again bring same time it permits them to be slid to the other down the next number 7 by retracting the - di-. end of the slot when a change of denomination is visor. You have 837 over 335 and it goes 2 times. wanted. A little tongue 33 behind, sticking up Multiply through by 2 and you have 167 left. from the pointer, in connection with the front end Bring down the last number and it goes 5 times. 145 34 being bent up, provides a place to lay the ac Multiply through and it comes out even. That "...tuating pencil P, to prevent it from rolling off is: there is nothing left in the total dial. while using the typewriter to which it is attached. 142375+335=425, .. My invention has been disclosed in its simplest Figure I, it is required to press up from beneath and most practical form, but it can be modified 150 To disassemble the machine, as illustrated in 4. 1,940,060 in many details without violating the spirit of the display an inscribed number and a decimally invention. I claim: shifting element adapted to receive said inscribed number to display it in any selected window, or 1. A calculating machine comprising a number plurality of windows, substantially as described. wheel of limited rotation, a number series thereon 6. In a calculating machine constituting a base 30 within the range of its rotation, a window expos and a series of toothed number disks of limited ing a number of the series thereon, a stationary turnability mounted thereon, the combination of number Series and a director, on the adjacent a toothed number-disk, actuable in both direc Wheel, adapted to range the stationary series and tions by means of the teeth, a slot for the teeth O always in such relation to its numbers and the in which to engage them and said slot for each number exposed in the window that any number disk extending into the teeth of the adjacent to the left of it added to the number in the win One to the extent of one step and an accessory doW equals or exceeds 10, and any number to the slot to connect the slot of one wheel with that of right of it added to the number in the window is the adjacent ones to make them continuous, sub equal to, or less than 9, Substantially as described. stantially as described. 2. A calculating machine comprising a number 7. A calculating machine comprising a series of wheel of limited rotation, a number series thereon Wheels of limited capacity for oscillation, actu within the range of its rotation, a window to dis able in both directions by means of teeth there play the numbers successively, a stationary num On exposed in slots to the extent of their range 26 ber Series, stops at the ends of the arc of rotation of movement, two stationary setting-up number 95 between which are exposed means for the actua Series for each wheel. Said series being counter tion of the wheel in stepped relation to the num and reverse to each other, one for addition and bers on the stationary series and a director on the One for Subtraction, and two directors on each wheel, movable between said stops, and in such wheel, each in such relation to the other and to 25 relation to the stationary series and the number its respective setting-up number series over which 100 in the window that actuation from a given num it is adapted to range, that actuation from any ber of the stationary series is always away from number in either setting-up series is always away the director to the stop between which it and from its director and the number to the right of the number falls, substantially as described. the director on the counter stationary series, in 3. A calculating machine comprising a series the totality of wheels actuated, always shows the 105 of wheels of limited capacity for oscillation actu result of the transactions, Substantially as de ated by means of teeth thereon, two stationary Scribed. . number series for each wheel, said number series 8. In a calculating machine, a frame member being arranged counter and reverse to each other providing an annular bearing and a flange in covering arcs equal to the range of movement front of the bearing, a wheel mounted on the 10 with the numbers in stepped relation to the teeth, bearing for limited rotation thereon, a Series of and two directors on each wheel associated re characters on the wheel, a pointer on the wheel, Spectively with the said stationary series and a plurality of sets of characters on said flange, adapted reversely to traverse them in such a re and means for exposing a character on the wheel 40 lation that the number to the right of the one in each position thereof, said exposed character 115 director added to the number to the right of its bearing a definite relation to the character at counter director always equals 9, substantially as said pointer, Substantially as described. described. 9. In a calculating machine, a frame member 4. A calculating machine comprising a series of carrying an annular bearing and a flange in front 45 wheels of limited capacity for oscillation actuated of the bearing, a toothed wheel on the bearing, a 120 by means of teeth thereon, two stationary num series of characters on the wheel covered by the ber Series for each. Wheel Said number Series be flange, a window on the flange to expose a char ing arranged counter and reverse to each other acter on the wheel, a plurality of sets of charac covering arcs equal to the range of movement ters on the flange, and a pointer on the wheel, with the numbers in stepped relation to the teeth, said wheel being rotatable to bring the pointer 125 and two directors on each wheel associated re to positions corresponding to those of the char spectively, with the said stationary series and acters on the flange and characters into the win adapted to traverse them reversely in Such a re dow complementary thereto, substantially as de lation that the number to the right of one direc Scribed. 55 tor added to the number to the right of its coun 10. A calculating machine comprising a plural- 130 ter director always, equals 9, and said number to ity of setting-up Series, a respective plurality of the right of each counter director, in the Series of total-display windows, a respective plurality of wheels, in every transaction, forms the total, sub windows adapted to display inscribed, decimally stantially as described. shiftable numbers and a decimally shiftable de 5. In a calculating machine the combination marking and denominating device associated 135 of a plurality of setting-up series, total display thereWith, Substantially as described. windows, decimally disposed windows adapted to JOSEPH H. BAIR. 140 0. 145 150