Manual / Guide · 1984

Sharp PC-1500A Instruction Manual

Sharp's instruction manual for the PC-1500A.

Author: Sharp
Year: 1984
Type: Manual / Guide
Credit: Sharp; scan via Valentin Albillo's archive.

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Under this warranty the product will be repaired or replaced, at our option, without charge for parts or labor, with the exception of supplies, such as batteries, ribbons, inked rollers, etc, when returned to a SHARP FACTORY SERVICE CENTER listed in the instruction booklet supplied with your product. This warranty does not apply to cassette tapes, software programs or appearance items nor to any product whose exterior has been damaged or defaced, nor to any product subjected to misuse, abnormal service or handling, nor to any product altered or repaired by other than a SHARP FACTORY SERVICE CENTER. This warranty does not apply to any product purchased outside the United States, its territories or possessions. The period of the warranty shall be ninety (90) days on parts and labor from the date of the original purchase. This warranty entitles the original purchaser to have the warrantied parts and labor rendered at no cost for the period of the warranty described above when the unit is carried or shipped prepaid to a SHARP FACTORY SERVICE CENTER together with proof of purchase, THIS SHALL BE THE EXCLUSIVE WRITTEN WARRANTY OF THE ORIGINAL PURCHASER AND NEITHER THIS WARRANTY NOR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED SHALL EXTEND BEYOND THE PERIOD OF TIME LISTED ABOVE, IN NO EVENT SHALL SHARP BE LIABLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL ECO- NOMIC DAMAGE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGE TO PROPERTY, SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW A LIMITATION ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS OR AN EXCLUSION OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGE, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION AND EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN ADDITION, THIS WARRANTY GIVES SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS AND YOU MAY HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. Do not sale this PDF !!! - EEE SEDO EE AEE EEL DLA OBE LDL OLE LE DLL LD LEED DOE, All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info SHARP PC-1500A INSTRUCTION MANUAL Prepared by American Micro Products. Inc. DISCLAIMER American Micro Products, Inc. and Sharp Electronics Corporation make no warranty either expressed or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness of purpose. regarding these instructional materials or any programs derived therefrom, and make such materials available on an "as is” basis. American Micro Products, Inc. and Sharp Electronics Corporation assume no liability or responsibility of any kind arising from the use of these instructional materials or any part thereof. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info SHARP PC-1500A INSTRUCTION MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2.0000 b bbe e eben ed ene ence tenes 1 Operational Notes ........... 0... ccc cence ene nen been ene enas 2 Troubleshooting ic: cas0s0 cevouss woes as ee eres eeu 3. PC 1500A, SRCCRCANODN osc ccs agronsmmwass scnwews saya erAEKUENER IRS 4 Use of this Manual .............. 2... cece cece eee ee teeter ene enees 7 Overview of Sharp PC-1500A «000... cc teen ene es 8 Share PC-TS00A Regs ccsccisnvassnennws cons seesammmc Mey eewes nie COEUR Tee: 9 PART Ic USING THE SHARP PC*1500A no. csncitsieerccmrtneecsay crctns exneineemocwnnn 13 SECTION’ Ii GETTING STARTED cssawcccainqeweaserors rs OUT ORR RROS 13 Manual Probitm Solvitig: cisccy.cewsscrcs caus cee nena mnaRin een DEIeIwe 13 oT oem ic sas) acre ee acs no ee, nee eee eee 14 Display Editing 0.0.0.0... ccc eet eee tenet en eneenens 16 Clearing the isla so cnisiriccmunupuamunernapmasuayaees SERCEO ESE ROUN 16 PATNI iss ccs 5 nbd eS GREED CRIN EA LDN AT 0 CROEDDRALIGHAN ORIG 05 17 Wettinig Fos Oar PHO CVA sis cincacwasisras nnsecx ecw mniean nese Ne mee RRHIER 21 Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info SECTION 2: KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY CONTROL ..........0. 00600 c eee cee 26 The Keyboard 200.002 etn eee eens 26 TRG DONG 65s Rises 5s BAG See aOR PRARRE ERTS eR REA AR NRE eR RT HRS 38 Resetting tine Gomttet siiciicaescs corsscnessewscsers seawtovewmeieees 42 SECTION 3: EXPRESSION AND KEYBOARD OPERATIONS .....................05. 43 Keyboard Arithmetic . 2.000.000 cnet e ee ees 43 Standard Member FOURS 5 «sexe k scars esc eee er FT OISIE ee EENe 47 RN Ne io sis sss ahs ass a6 RN AOR WG ROR RE RESIN OER 50 TIMES FUNEIOG +o ica scarce cess conn asin + meaeeNnaEAREee ee eA 54 SECTION 4: MATH FUNCTIONS AND STATEMENTS. ...........................0.. 56 Weunabies AIHA scsi cick see ar RUE TS RE RAE RIT TIAN 57 GRETA MAD PODIUM, eiiiiie cs cei ciexensresunasamemnewaxrrutememowenatian 59 Logarithmic Functions 0.00.00. 0 0c tne ene een eens 68 Trigomometric FUMCHIONS .... 6... ee eee ee nee 72 Inverse Trigmmomaetric PUMCeOnS i2.3605 5.6 Soi ce PRS PaaS RES we awe 76 Rectangular and Polar Coordinate Conversions .......................0.005. 77 Total Math and TOG TNGRNCNS sis caseenccrnnecaces Cue nencnumenes 81 iii Do not sale this PDF !!! Iv All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info PART II: BASIC PROGRAMMING WITH THE SHARP PC-1500A ................... 83 SECTION 5. SIMPLE PROGRAMMING ......0.0 20. nee 84 What is a BASIC Program? .... 1.6.0 teen tenes 84 WHUNS a:PrGSiait: sci sss eieeeaawaries see mE 87 EMPATINS 2: PROGA secssisrsimrecoaace ence nuRTae RTT RARE ORE ARREARS I 97 Order of Program Execution .......0 000.6. cence enees 98 Multistatement Lines ....... 2000.2 cee een e ees 113 ADE LOVLAENORR 535655555 50 OS I ONERE ORES CRE 114 CO, BRERA BEET NOE aces aera enemas nexsunctam one cancoennies 120 Editing Program Statements ©... 20.62. ete ees 120 Adding Statenients: 53260 50955 2 SPE 1 RE BEA ERG SRA RUHR OTIS GS 122 Deleting St#ements esscic ccmincencas seas et aes Bn aes 123 EIST CESS PIGGTAINY ces ace ctencacianen eccanncos waraneroramtaey eCK RAEN Om 123 ce ete Oe ol | ee, | eee 123 Error MeESSaSeS) 66564855 Ee Ee SHE EGS OIE UE SPREE ORG 124 SECTION 7: BRANCHES AND LOOPS: z. osasxccos2scvsammoasameeesweswes comeaneue 126 DR ox MEMTGING | Seeceuopen sy ensign gen eatin Ua EES ae TENE UR TAS ORE WERENT Hare 126 GOTO q nreraraceraunsgrasece-qutsnsonarare-eagiconnsanane’ manpigceanjanel-esmupsace:aisseenaetan leona pugenia wecesge grave, sxepevaien ienene 128 GOSUB soriausaiyiereuie res SAM a BAe AAR 132 FOR} sc: NEXT LOOPS wass cccusannswsscnwossssy mcieen naw eG 135 Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/(www.PC-1500. info SECTION 8: MORE BRANCHING osiisicis iciiseaccurras anwar exes crams 138 Tne COMOUtED GOSUS SEMOIORE oisccscecene7 amare enensexncamemncennnenne: 138 Branching Using INKEY$ ... 0.000000 cnet eee nes 143 Branching Using TIMES: gosiawasewavsisg es 0cae se p48 VRE NEES TE TIERS 144 SECTION 9: USING VARIABLES: STRINGS AND ARRAYS ......................... 147 PO ge ee 147 DIM (Dimensioning Variables) ................ 60. c ccc eee ete ees 149 SEEING EXVCQOGIONG: sa7 6 Byer EU Ya eas eT CR EES BEERS 150 SIRS FUNCHONS cscccswwineei sew RMN weUr ew KN CENTRE NTE TRUM IE UCI 154 ac gk le ne ee | Seams 157 EY Ao ec, RR ee co A NR - e 158 READ! 2eec:aiea raster TS 159 RESTORE -s3c5002 cx enencseaeeen eee ae eanS eae RRR a OS 160 TNR sss c-c2 ss ARTO RR EES one Sno ernnn PETE emma eee 161 28 ee Fg ee 162 Preassigned Keyword Keys .......2 000.6 occ e nents 162 The AREAD Staene ne 5550035360565 VG ERE TRV REWER PER COVE VE TN SY FIRS 163 Automatic: Program IanO. ii. ccs cisiron iter ea ees BS EUROS 164 SECTION 10: DISPLAY PROGRAMMING ...........0...... 0.6 o cece eee 165 BEEP (Programming Tones) 2 vscicseosaniro mais GeRwerI Ss DENI Ne 165 Disvlay FOMCUONE: criscveeess werees seme RETEN RENN AOR ER NRTS TATE 167 Do not sale this PDF !!! vi All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info SECTION 11: DEBUGGING .....00 2. ttn cette eens 184 SEOESGONGS | eeeck Adaoi i ema t pata gepeees aa ow eee eed chek eee, 188 LOCK; UNLOCK: exacscswnesvesen aeRO TEN 189 PART III: EXPANDING THE PC-1500A WITH THE PRINTER/CASSETTE FREE RAGS MR 9O eccrine: eeesuimconee peers Kee emENNEE 190 SECTION 12: INTRODUCING THE CE-150 2... cece eee eee 190 Connecting the Computer to the Interface .....................: cece eae 190 POE siasaccsacrs a: AI AGATE AD BEN LEG TAT ARLEN ERR RR RNIN 194 Connecting a Tape Recorder to the Interface ................. 0... c cee ceuee 195 Loading the Paper ........ 2.0.6. t nee e ence es 198 Renlacing Che POWs. sccccis gents Sag LEST INES TINUE KNEE SCAN REO REE SS 202 SECTION 13: USING A CASSETTE RECORDER ........................ 0000s euuue 206 Taped: RECOTEOL COCTRTION 5c sins.) erate icine d sawed 0483 Gein hs SNOT CT INRTS 206 Recording and Retrieving Programs .......... ee ere oe 207 Using Data FI6 ois ore ees wenn eee Nee INT 212 GRE TH TAO ROCCE oo ccaxccncss ter semnyrceenees Renan cemeaerEereeKs 213 Do not sale this PDF !!! vil All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info SECTION i4¢ USING ‘THE PRINTER: .cc:scssaenvecwss eurniwernemeernwnewen 218 CE+150 Printer Speciation’ access cxsowcxnxsneemmnsmnauneemanemnas 218 TEST Command ... 2.0.0... eee tenet nee ee 219 PERe CHLCUINIONS ec 555i Ka ERIN RRE SRR ARTRE OR Wea Re 219 TEXT and GRAPH (Printer Modes) s-sisicssciisevosrcaniccriaaewaveneree's 221 PIOttiNe ODSTEUOBE isc caccaosanes venues RRR EK oO RRNA wR RS 234 APPENDIX A: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING .....................4.. 244 APPENDIX B: I/O PORTS. ......0. 0.60 icc cect e cnet n een tenenees 244 APPENDEX C: ABBREVIATIONS isis cia:s opie s ere ide cad len neraaauensranncses 247 APPENDEX Di’ BATTERY REPLACEMENT wx: sisivicscisvvan civenanwes cevsaneawes 255 APPENDIX.E: EEY CODE TABLE. jis:iccsisccccmpunomnsmwr en nnaaeee 259 APPENDIX F: ERROR CODE LIST ......0.0. 0. ccc teen ene ees 261 APPENDIX G: FURTHER READING .............00.... 0.0 ccc ccc cee cece ees 270 APPENDIX H: ORDER OF EXPRESSION EVALUATION .......................... 274 Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info ™ APPENDIX I; COMMAND REFERENCE TABLE 3 oes: sesscusecenswewawe oven noes 279 APPENDIX J: HEXADECIMAL NUMBER AND BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS ..... 20.0... eee eee 298 APPENDIX K: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PC-1500A Fs bi AB os Gis | | Re een ne eer ne Cr nT ee eee 301 iG)? oo a 2 ea eh ee 303 Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info SHARP PC-1500A INSTRUCTION MANUAL INTRODUCTION We at Sharp Electronics Corporation (hereafter referred to as Sharp) are very pleased you have chosen the PC-1500A because we created it with you in mind. We know you wanted a very powerful state-of-the-art computer for simple and advanced programming. fast and easy editing. and creating outstanding graphics, yet one that is very affordable and economical. We also thought you wanted a truly portable and personal computer, one you could have on hand twenty-four hours a day. Finally, we know you wanted an instruction manual that is clearly and logically presented which can serve as both a beginning manual and as a reference for advanced applications. Please let us know if we have met your expectations. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Mwww.PC-1500. info Operational Notes Since the liquid crystal display of the PC-1500A is made of glass, reasonable care must be taken in handling the computer To ensure trouble free operation of the Sharp PC-1500A. we recommend that: 1. You keep the computer in an area free from extreme temperature changes, moisture. and dust. During warm weather, vehicles left in direct sunlight are subject to high temperatures; prolonged exposure to such high temperatures can damage the computer. 2. Use only a soft, dry cloth to clean the computer Never use a cloth wet with solvents or water. 3. To avoid battery leakage. remove the batteries when the computer is not going to be in use for an extended period of time. 4. If service is required. send only the computer to an authorized Sharp service center 5. Keep this manual as a reference. SPECIAL NOTE: The Sharp PC-1500A cannot be harmed in any way by pressing the computer keys. The worst that could possibly happen is that you would lose the contents of the memory. Experiment with the computer and enjoy it. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info Troubleshooting NOTE: READ THIS SECTION TO TURN ON YOUR COMPUTER. The PC-1500A. if subjected to strong external noise or impact during operation, may be rendered inoperative; this affects all the keys including the key. This is especially prone to happen during shipping. It is not serious and can easily be corrected using the following procedures. Should the computer lock up, press the ALL RESET button on the back of the unit for approximately fifteen seconds while holding down the key. All reset switch Press the all reset switch with any pointed object such as a ball-point pen. Do notuse easily broken points such as mechanical pencils or the Do*not sale this PDYPIA' "e's All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Mwww.PC-1500. info Next. check the display to ensure that the statement NEWS? : CHECK is showing. Then press the CCL) key and enter the statement NEW¢ If the display does not read NEW@? : CHECK, perform the reset operation over again. This operation will clear the program, the data, and the contents of the Reserve Keys. so only use the ALL RESET switch when it is absolutely necessary. PC-1500A Specifications Model: PC-1500A Pocket Computer Numeric precision: 10 digits (mantissa) + 2 digits (exponent) Calculation system: According to mathematical formula (with priority judging function) Program language: BASIC Do not sale this PDF !!! 5 Capacity: Calculations: Editing function: Memory protection: All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info CPU: CMOS 8 bit System ROM: 16 K Bytes Memory Capacity RAM: 8.5 K Bytes System area 1.9 K Bytes Input buffer: 80 Bytes Stack: 196 Bytes Machine language free area: 1023 Bytes (7CQ1H ~ 7FFFH) Others: User area 6.6 K Bytes Fixed memory area (A ~ Z, A$ ~ Z$): 624 Bytes Basic program data area: 5946 Bytes Reserve area: 188 Bytes Four arithmetic calculations, power calculation. trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions. logarithmic and exponential functions, angular conversion. extraction of square root. sign function, absolutes. integers. and logical calculations Cursor shifting ®) Insertion CINS ) Deletion Line up and down (@) C#) CMOS battery back-up Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500. info Display: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with 26 character width and 7 x 156 dot graphics. Keys 65 Keys including alphabetic. numeric. user-definable function. and pre- programmed keys) Power supply: 6.0 V. DC: 4 dry batteries (Type UM-3. AA. or R6) Power consumption: 6.0 V. DC: 0.13 w Operating time Approximately 50 hours on dry batteries (Type UM-3. AA. or R6) Operating temperature: 0°C ~40°C (32°F~104°F) Dimensions: 195 mm (width) x 86 mm (depth) x 25.5 mm (height) 7'Mo in (width) x 3% in (depth) x 1 in (height) Weight: Approximately 375 gm (0.83 lbs) with batteries Accessories: Soft case, four dry batteries, two keyboard templates. name label. and instruction manual Options: Printer/Cassette Interface (CE-150) Expansion Memory Module (Plug-in type 4 K Byte RAM CE-151,8 K Byte RAM CE-155/CE-159, 16 K Byte RAM CE-161) Cassette Tape Recorder (CE-152) RS-333G end Bacall! prepuce (CE-158) All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info Use of this Manual The Sharp PC-1500A Instruction Manual is divided into three basic sections which, when read in order, will give the first time computer user all the information necessary for programming the PC-1500A. These sections include: 1. Introduction to the Sharp PC-1500A 2. Programming in BASIC 3. Programming Graphics The experienced programmer should review the manual and then use it as a reference book. The appendices in the manual are: Assembly Language Programming V/O Ports Abbreviations Battery Replacement Key Code Table Error Code List Further Reading Order of Expression Evaluation Command Reference Table Hexadecimal Numbers and Boolean Functions Do not sale this PDF !!! SRP TOmmoOon wp All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500. info Overview of Sharp PC-1500A PREASSIGNED KEYWORD KEYS RESERVE KEYS DISPLAY NUMERIC KEYS OPERATIONAL KEYS \ MEMORY SAPE GUALID | AUTCL POWER OFF | \ SHARP PC-1SO0A POCKET COMPUTER i a ? $ = 3 oa DEF i ] SHIFT] owen [OFF] [ON ? CA \ owe EE eer oc F eaicveal eal Cee Poe- Eee eT eee esc BEIGE MEA MOONOeaeoc | BO f a / fa ; InS | SML ? RCL | SPACE | > - [ENTER 0 . = + > iy e. / PUNCTUATION KEYS DISPLAY peocergeba CONTROL ALPHABETIC KEYS CALCULATION KEYS OPERATOR KEYS KEYS Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Mwww.PC-1500.info Sharp PC-1500A Keys This is a brief overview of the Sharp PC-1500A keyboard. A page reference is given after each key where more information may be found in this manual. Operational Keys Turns on the power to the PC-1500A, and acts as a program interrupt. Page 27. Turns power off. Page 27. Used to access the secondary functions of the keys. Page 28. Used to pass information to the computer. Page 28. Clears the display. The secondary function, CA. clears the display and the memory stack. Page 28. Used to place computer in RUN, PROGRAM, and RESERVE modes. Page 29. Do not sale this PDF !!! 10 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info Alphabetic Keys The letters of the alphabet are arranged in the same order as typewriter keys. Page 29. The Small key allows the user to enter lower case letters. Page 30. A typewriter style spacebar Page 30. Numeric Keys B The PC-1500A has a standard 10-key pad for numbers. Page 30. Punctuation Keys (a ? : } ; ! " # $ % & Cl] © & Ge oO OO CO OF oO & All Punctuation Keys listed here (except for the period) are secondary functions (found printed above the other keys) and must have the (SHIFT )key pressed before they can be accessed. Page 31. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/www.PC-1500. info Calculation Keys HOW &) These five Calculation Keys listed are for normal arithmetic operations. Page 32. A 7 Vv (SPACE) (#*) (@) The Exponentiation, PI. and Square Root keys are all available as secondary function keys. Page 32. Logical Operator Keys < > © @ Less than and greater than signs are available for logical comparisons. Page 33. Display Control Keys DEL INS (> (>) The Left and Right Arrow keys move the cursor to the left or right in the display. Page ei The Delete and Insert functions are used to insert or remove characters from the display. Page 34. Co) (+) The Up and Down Arrow keys are used for program editing. Page 35. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info 12 _- Reserve Keys The Reserve Keys are the six blank keys that may be defined for up to eighteen functions by the user Page 36. G) The Reserve Select key is used to select from the three assignments for each reserve key. Page 36. RCL The Recall key is used to recall the function menus for the Reserve Keys. Page 36. Preassigned Keyword Keys The Preassigned Keyword Keys are those which Sharp has designated to hold fre- quently used BASIC statements. These keys may be more easily used after you place the included template over the keyboard. Page 37. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500. info PART I: USING THE SHARP PC-1500A SECTION 1: GETTING STARTED This section is to introduce you to the Sharp PC-1500A computer All the topics discussed in this section will be covered in more depth in later sections of the manual: this section will provide you with an overview of the machine and some of its capabilities. Topics covered by this section include: — Simple Calculations — Display Editing — Variables — Creating Your Own Programs — Entering a Program Manual Problem Solving The PC-1500A. aside from being a handheld computer, is also a calculator All calculations that can be performed by the PC-1500A as a computer can also be performed by the PC-1500A as a calculator 3 Do not sale this PDF !!! 14 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info Simple Calculations For simple calculations. such as the addition of two numbers. the first number would be entered 103 then the arithmetic operator 103 + followed by the other number 103 + 57 The CENTER ) key is then pressed and the result is displayed on the computer. as follows. 160 Note that the equal sign was not used in the calculation; it is only used when defining a variable or as a logical operator For the remainder of the manual, examples will be demonstrated using the following notation. 103 + 57 CENTER ) 160 Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info Examples of different types of calculations are shown below. ADDITION: find the sum of 12 plus 7 plus 5 plus 10. 12+7+5+10 34 SUBTRACTION: find the value of 155 minus 23. 155 — 23 132 MULTIPLICATION: find the value of 11 multiplied by 34. 11+ 34 374 DIVISION: find the value of 125 divided by 5. 125/5 25 EXPONENTS: find the value of 11 squared. 1142 121 LOGARITHMS: find the common logarithm of 1000. ” LOG 1000 not sale this PDF !!! 3 16 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS: find the sine of 30. SIN 30 0.5 Display Editing At some time you may want to change what is in the display. This can be accomplished quickly and easily using the Display Control Keys. The four operations possible are; (1) forward cursor movement, (2) backward cursor movement, (3) character insert, and (4) character delete. Cursor movement is performed using the Left and Right Arrow keys, (<4) and (>). The (>) key is used to move the cursor from left to right across the display. The(4)key is used to move the cursor backward across the display from right to left. A character can only be added to the display in the space occupied by the cursor By typing the statement "COMPUTERS ARE FUN" you can see the cursor move across the screen in front of the letters. When the cursor is over a previously used space. it will appear as a flashing box. To insert or delete a character, place the cursor at the appropriate location and press the (SHIFT) key and then the 4)or the (®)key. When deleting a character, the character will disappear and the display will close up the deleted space. When inserting a character. the display will expand. thereby creating a space at the cursor location. A new character can be added at this time. Clearing the Display The display may be cleared by pressing the key. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/(www.PC-1500. info Variables A variable is a letter or combination of letters which can be assigned either a numeric value or a character string. A classic way to visualize variables is to picture them as boxes. as in the illustration below. 56 Q Do not sale this PDF !!! 18 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info The PC-1500A can use variables when it is employed as a calculator as well as when it is used as a computer By keying in the following expression. the variable A is set to a value of 56. A=s6 (ENTER) At this point the display will appear as: 56 Another value may be placed in the variable B in a like manner B=10 The value of a variable may be recalled by entering the variable into the PC-1500A. as in the example below. A ENTER 56 Do not sale this PDF !!! 19 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info The variables may be used in any of the calculations available on the PC-1500A. Examples include: A-B 560 A/B ENTER 5.6 LOG B 1 Returning to the illustration with the boxes. it is easy to see the similarity between a box and a variable. As with a variable, each box contains whatever was last placed in it. Since the contents may be unknown. they are, therefore. not useful and must be discarded. In the case of a numeric variable, it is set equal to zero as in the statement below. A=0 In the case of a string variable, it is set equal to the null string. AS= sane Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500. info By clearing the variable (emptying the box) you will always know the value of the variable as long as you know what you put into it. In the program below. variables are used for both the input and as a counter in the program. 10: A=0 20: B=0 30: 1=0 40: INPUT "NUMBER OF COUNTS= "A 50: FORI=1 TOA 60: B=B+1 70: PAUSE B 80: NEXT I 90: GOTO 10 The next program listing demonstrates the use of string variables. 10: AS="" 20: BS="" 30: C$="" 40: A$= "GOOD" 50: B$}= “ MORNING “ 60: INPUT "ENTER YOUR NAME ".C$ 70: PRINT A$;B$:C$ 80: END Do not sale this PDF !!! al All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info Writing Your Own Programs Creating a Program Asa beginning programmer, there are several fundamental steps that you (as well as every other programmer) must follow. These steps include: Problem definition Approach definition Logic and program design Program coding Program testing VshWnNr The problem definition is a complete description of what you wish to do on the computer. As part of the problem definition, it is important to know: (1) what information is available for you to give to the computer as input (make sure that the input information is relevant to the problem): (2) what intermediate information is going to be needed to find the final solution; and (3) what kind of information you want the computer to give you as output. The approach definition is a full description of the approach you will take to solve the problem. This will include the mathematical formulas needed for the calculations and a description of the decision that the program or operator will have to make during the running of the program. Up to this point. the program has been defined in everyday language: however, when the logic of the program (an accurate description of how the program is to be Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info 22. run) is defined. it is generally much simpler to draw a picture of the program logic. This picture is commonly called a Aowchart because it represents the flow of the program. Below is a flowchart for preparing breakfast. ( sient ) Put On Plate il Enter Kitchen Get ime Put On Table Cereal Toast Subroutine Type Of Breakfast Subroutine Sit At Table Eat Breakfast a Eggs Subroutine Clear Table Wash Dishes Get Plate END Do not sale this PDF !!! 23 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info SCRAMBLED EGGS SUBROUTINE em Put Butter In Frying Pan Put Pan On Stove Melt Butter Get Frying Pan Add Eggs Get Eggs & Butter Stir Eggs Get Bowl & Spoon Break Eags In Bowl No Eggs Cooked Scramble Eggs Remove From Stove Turn On Stove RETURN TO MAIN Do not sale this PDF !!! 24 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info Entering a Program A program may be entered into the PC-1500A by first placing the computer into the PROGRAM mode using the key. Each statement is then keyed into the display as in the example below. 1OPRINT (SHIFT) “HELLO (SHIFT)” At this point the display prompt will appear as below. 10PRINT”HELLO” The next step is to press the key to enter the statement into the computer. When the CENTER ) key has been pressed, the display prompt will look like this. 10: PRINT “HELLO” Notice that a colon has been added to the statement immediately after the statement number: also, spaces have been added to make the line easier to read. Remember that the computer will add the colon after the statement number; you do not have to add it. Running a Program After entering the program in the PROGRAM mode, place the PC-1500A in the RUN mode by pressing the key; then start the program by typing the command RUN and pressing the CENTER) key. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500. info Sample Program The program listed below is a simple guessing game. The object of the game is to guess a number between 0 and 1,000. The PC-1500A will pick a random number in line 30; then. you try to guess that number in line 40. PAUSE "GUESSING GAME" RANDOM N = INT(RND(1000)):X =0 “G":INPUT "GUESS A NUMBER °:G:X=X+1 IF G=N THEN PAUSE “YOU WIN IN “:X;" TRIES":BEEP 10 IF G>N THEN PAUSE “TOO HIGH" : GOTO "G" IF G<N THEN PAUSE “TOO LOW" : GOTO "G" INPUT “PLAY AGAIN? (Y/N) ":Y$ IF Y$="Y" THEN GOTO 20 : PAUSE “HAVE A NICE DAY" : END Do not sale this PDF !!! 26 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info SECTION 2: KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY CONTROL The Keyboard The 65 keys on the Sharp PC-1500A can be grouped into the following nine classes: Operational Keys Alphabetic Keys Numeric Keys Punctuation Keys Calculation Keys Logical Operator Keys Display Control Keys Reserve Keys Preassigned Keyword Keys These nine classes of keys are depicted on the keyboard illustration found in the introduction on page 8. Do not sale this PDF !!! Operational Keys All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info The Operational Keys are the basic keys to get you started and keep you moving smoothly along. BREAK The key applies power to your Sharp PC-1500A pocket computer To conserve power. the PC-1500A will automatically shut off if nothing is entered within a seven minute period (unless a program is running} If you wish to interrupt, or break into, a program that is running, merely press CON) and the program will stop and display BREAK AT LINE ### The three space symbols, ###. represent the line number that was being executed. To start running the program again from the point of interruption. simply type in CONT and press the key. NOTE: There is no need to press the (SHIFT) key to invoke the break function. The key turns the PC-1500A off Whenever a program is running, the busy indicator will be displayed. To turn the PC-1500A off when this indicator is on, you must first interrupt the program by pressing the key. and then pressing the COFF ) key. Do not sale this PDF !!! 28 ENTER All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info The (SHIFT) key has several important uses. First. if the (SHIFT ) key is pressed before a key with a secondary function printed above it. the secondary function will be called in (e.g.. pressing the key before pressing the (CL) key will call in the Clear All (CA) function) Second. if the SHIFT) key is pressed before pressing the (MODE) key, the RESERVE mode will be selected. Ordinarily, pressing the key will alternately select the RUN mode or the PROGRAM mode. Using the key makes a third mode possible. (See Mode key explanation in this section for more detail.) Third. if the (SHIFT) key is pressed before an Alphabetic Key (all Alphabetic Keys are normally upper case letters) a lower case letter will appear. Fourth. if the (SHIFT) key is pressed before an Alphabetic Key when the Small key has invoked the lower case mode. an upper case letter will appear (See Small key explanation under Alphabetic Keys in this section.) The CENTER) key must be pressed to pass information into the computer. Always press it after giving an instruction to the PC-1500A. Also be sure to press it after editing a statement or your changes will not be recognized. The red Clear (CL) key allows you to clear the display screen. Pressing before (CL) will activate the Clear All secondary function. This will reset the computer, clearing the display and the memory stack. NOTE: The Clear All function will not erase all programs, reserve memories, and all variables. To erase all programs. type in NEW and press CENTER) while in the PROGRAM mode. To Do not sale this PDF !!! 29 Alphabetic Keys All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info erase all reserve memories, type in NEW and press CENTER ) while in the RESERVE mode. To clear all variables by setting them to zero (or null) type in CLEAR and press ENTER ). When you turn the PC-1500A on, check the display for the operational mode it is in (RUN, PROGRAM, or RESERVE} Press to change the selection from RUN to PROGRAM or from PROGRAM to RUN. Press and then press to select the RESERVE mode. To leave the RESERVE mode. press (MODE ). All manual calculations (using the computer as a calculator) are done in the RUN mode, and all programs are run in the RUN mode. All programs are written and edited in the PROGRAM mode. The RESERVE mode is used for storing frequently used functions on single keys and for storing menus to help identify these functions quickly. (See Reserve Keys in this section and also Section 9 for detailed information on using the RESERVE mode.) The Sharp PC-1500A has the same 26-letter arrangement found on most typewrit- ers. The letters are normally upper case (the opposite of most typewriters) but this is convenient because the PC-1500A only recognizes statements and commands in upper case letters. The letters may be forced one at a time to lower case by pressing SHIFT) before pressing the letter desired. Do not sale this PDF !!! (SML ) < (SPACE) © Numeric Keys © All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500. info The Small (SML) key is used when all lower case letters are desired. Pressing CSML) again will return to the UPPER CASE mode. Note: While in the SMALL KEY mode, pressing the key before pressing a letter will produce a single upper case letter > Q) The Spacebar and Left and Right Parenthesis keys are included with the Alphabe- tic Keys because of their location and frequent usage with letters. The Sharp PC-1500A has a typical 10-key numeric arrangement for your conve- nience located just to the right of the Alphabetic Keys. Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500. info Punctuation Keys The Sharp PC-1500A Punctuation Keys are all secondary operations. found typed above other keys. Press (SHIFT ) before pressing any of these keys. Five are found immediately to the right of the Numeric Keys and six are found below the display and above the Reserve Keys. @ ? : : 3 &) eS & Pressing before pressing the Equal key. Division key. Multiplication key, Subtraction key. or Addition key will produce the at (@) sign. question mark. colon, comma, and semicolon, respectively. ! " # $ % & C7 £{3 €) £& ©) & Pressing followed by the corresponding blank Reserve Key will produce the exclamation point. double quotation mark, pound sign. dollar sign, percent sign, and ampersand, respectively. NOTE: The decimal point in the Numeric Keys doubles as the period. The left and right parentheses are grouped with the Alphabetic Keys. 31 Do not sale this PDF !!! All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info 2 ‘Calculation Keys @ ? : ; ; =) oe C& The Equal. Division. Multiplication. Subtraction. and Addition keys are located immediately to the right of the Numeric Keys for ease in calculations. These keys have secondary punctuation functions printed above them. If you need more advanced calculations than the basic five. the Exponentiation A T V (SPACE), Pi (~*), and Square Root Ge) keys are available as secondary functions on the bottom row of the keyboard. Press (SHIFT ) and then the appropriate key. If you prefer, instead of using the Pi and Square Root keys, you can type in P] and SQR and achieve the same results. DEL INS ep ) When doing calculations, two very helpful keys are the Left and Right Arrow keys. Although these keys have editing uses in the PROGRAM mode (discussed later in this section under Display Control Keys} for calculations in RUN mode they allow you to recall the calculation after you have pressed and only the result will remain on the screen. Pressing either the Left or Right Arrow key will redisplay the calculation. You must press CENTER). however, to get the result again. Do not sale this PDF !!! 33 All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/Awww.PC-1500.info Logical Operator Keys < > CO QO) The Less Than key and the Greater Than key are secondary functions on the Left and Right Parenthesis keys, respectively. They are located on the keyboard just above the CENTER) key. To use them, you must press (SHIFT) fist. Display Control Keys The Display Control Keys are for editing purposes and consist of the Left Arrow and Right Arrow keys with their secondary functions, Delete and Insert, respectively. and also the Down and Up Arrow keys. found just to the left of the CENTER ) key. The Clear key. CCL), is mentioned here because it clears the display, but it is fully discussed under the Operational Keys elsewhere in this section. DEL (a) The Left Arrow key is used when writing a program to move the cursor to the left in a statement until the cursor is over the position desired. If you need to move left more than one position, simply hold down the Left Arrow key and it will continue moving to the left until you release the key. As the cursor backs up, it becomes a blinking grid so that you can easily tell which position it is in. The Left Arrow key, when pressed while reentering a program for editing. will move the cursor immediately to the first character to the right of the statement number To edit the statement number itself, press the Left Arrow key once more. Do not sale this PDF !!! INS All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info DEL The Left Arrow key has a powerful secondary function, the Delete function (4). DEL To delete a character, press (SHIFT) and then (4). The Right Arrow key is used when writing a program to move the cursor to the right in a statement until the cursor is over the position desired. When you first write a statement the cursor will not move to the right of what you have already keyed in; but, afte