Manual / Guide · 1980
Sharp PC-1211 Instruction Manual
Sharp's own instruction manual for the PC-1211 pocket computer, 106 pages.
Manual / Guide · 1980
Sharp's own instruction manual for the PC-1211 pocket computer, 106 pages.
— (aoe ) <a e SHARP POCKET COMPUTER mone. PC-1211 INSTRUCTION MANUAL OPERATIONAL NOTES Thank you for your purchase of the SHARP pocket computer, PC-1211. | Since the liquid crystal display is made of glass material, treat the computer with care. Do not put the “PC-1211” in your back pocket as it may be damaged when you sit down. To insure trouble-free operation of your SHARP computer, we recommend the following: 1. The computer should be kept in areas free from extreme temperature changes, moisture, and dust. 2. A soft, dry cloth should be used to clean the computer. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth. 3. \f the computer will not be operated for an extended period of time, remove the batteries to avoid possible damage caused by battery leakage. . If service of your computer is required, use only an authorized SHARP Service Center. 5. Keep this manual for further reference. a It may sometimes cause all of keys inoperative including the CA/BREAK/ON key, when the machine is exposed to a strong external noise. In such a case, press the All Reset switch located on the back panel of the computer to release the situation. However, it will be necessary to load the program again as all of memory and program were reset upon the depression of Alf Reset key. For All Reset key, see Page 95. INTRODUCTION This manual will introduce you to SHARP PC-1211 pocket computer. The PC-1211 is a new power- ful computing instrument. [t will provide you with formidable computing power in mathematical, scientific, engineering and business calculations. FEATURES @ Programmable with BASIC language despite its pocket size. @ The 24-digit alphanumeric dot matrix liquid crystal display provides dialogue key operations. This enables the easy use of BASIC language. ® Program capacity 1424 steps, 26 memories with memory safe guard. Reservable and definable key systems employed. (See pages 38 and 41) @ Permits, when in connection with an optional cassette interface CE-121, to store programs or data on a cassette magnetic tape or to receive stored programs or data from that tape as occasion demands, (See page 83) OPERATION First press the power switch ( ) The machine then gives the following display. The symbols that show up here vary depending on the machine state just before power-off. (Refer to DISPLAY on . DEG RUN page 10.) Prompt symbol appears. (This symbol indicates that the PC-1211 is waiting for key inputs.) The computer is supplied with programs and carries out computations according to the input programs. besides, it can solve problems without being programmed, where they are too simple to require programming, if supplied with necessary data directly through its keyboard. The former process is called program calculation and the latter one manual calculation — this is also called DIRECT EXECUTION because of direct calculation. 1. Manual calculation (For details, see page 15) At first make the PC-1211 display the symbol “RUN” at the top of the display of the computer by pressing the { ) keys. For the symbol RUN, refer to MODE on page 13. i RUN symbol RUN | Now let’s enter on practice. (1) Addition, Subtraction & Playback Key in the following: 12 45.6 (-) 32.1 789 (=) 741 213 Note that as you key in the ‘3’ in 213, you have exceeded the 24 character capacity of the display. At this point a unique feature called ‘‘rolling writer’ becomes effective. As each additional step is entered, the display will roll to the left. The data rolled off the screen will be recorded up to 80 steps. Now press [et] (Do not press the (=) key} Your answer is 286.5 Now press [=] (playback). You will get back in the display a portion of your original input to check and/or edit. Press (™] each times again to obtain the remainder of your inputs. Editing will be explained in detail in a later section. {f you have placed material in the display and have not used the computer for approximately seven minutes, the computer will go into (APO) “Automatic Power Off’’ automatically to conserve battery life. (The key operation turns the computer off immediately.) (2) Multiplication, Division a. Calculate: 841 x 586+0.12= Key in: 841 586 Answer: 4106883.333 As mentioned above, the computer calculates with the aid of BASIC language. Accord- ingly, the labeling of its multiplication and division keys and others is different from that in normal calculators. 12 Normal calculator PC-1211 Multiplication > Division (=) > Power > (SHFT) b. Calculate: 427+54x 32+7-39x2= Key in: 427 (+) 54 GE) 32 WH) 7 (=) 39 (ke) 2 bral Answer: 595.8571429 Note that multiplication and division have priority to addition and subtraction. (3) Scientific functions a. Calculate: sin 30° + cos 40° = You must set the angular mode to degree, at first. Press (D | CE] (Rj fe) fe) in this sequence. The symbol ‘‘DEG” will be displayed at the top of the display. (Refer to page 10) Key in: Cs) CON) C3) OD 0 (Oo) CS) £4) (0) es} Answer: 1.266044443 b. Calculate: 1.2.x 10? x 1.5x 1075 = : Key in: 1.2 (Ex} 20 [*) 1.5 (=) 5 Answer: 1.8E 15 (1.8.x 10'*) (4) “Expression” Correction and editing (See page 23, Editing expressions) a. To clear the computer: Press the red key in upper right corner of the computer marked “CL” and perform the calculation from original step. b. Correction The flickering cursor is used to correct and edit expressions. i) Before pressing the : Key in: 12 3 2 [=] SIN 30 (DEG mode} If you wish to change the multiplier from 2 to 4, press the [=#) key 7 times until the cursor covers the 2; now press 4; press fama] (If is not necessary to move the cursor back) Answer: 23.5 ii) After pressing the fem) : Key in: 12 (4) 3(*) 2{[£] SIN30 {DEG mode) Answer: 17.5 Press (=) or (] (Playback) The cursor is flashing over the (1). If you wish to change the multiplier from 2 to 4, press the [m=] key 5 times until it covers the 2; now press 4; press (If is not neces- sary to move the cursor back) Answer: 23.5 To change SIN 30 to COS 45, move the cursor to over the SIN and press COS 45 and Answer: 23.29289322 c. Deletion Key in: 12 45 78 To change the 45 to 5, press the cursor key ( [=@) ) 5 times until it covers the 4, press (DEL) . The 4 will disappear and all remaining material in the display will shift auto- matically to the left. d. Insertion To insert material place the cursor over the item which will follow the insertion. Multiple insertions may be made. Key in: 2 ( BRE) 7 4) Display indicates error. A multiplication sign must be placed between the 2 and (. Press [™) or [=] . The cursor is flashing over the ( and is indicating error position. Press fins] . An opening occurs on the display and all material following the insertion automatically shifts to the right. Press (Ge) and Answer: 14.28318531 2. Program calculation (For details, see page 28.) For your easier understanding, we will discuss the program calculation taking the case of Law of Cosines. a. Programming First put the PC-1211 in the program mode (PRO). Press the key until the symbol “PRO” is displayed. Second clear the program memory. To clear the program memory, Press CN} LE) Example: Solves for C knowing A, B and D The basic equation is A? + B? — 2AB cos D A=3 B=4 D=60°, 45° > Set the angular mode to degree. Press (D} [E) (G] (R)(E) CE) (When the symbol “DEG” is already on the display, this operation is not needed.) Key in: a See SECOND FUNCTION on page 12. 10 COLN ICLP COIL IA Sar Co} B bret) (9 JD Press the [es=| key. The computer then offers the following display automatically. 10: INPUT A, B,D | (The above operation is BASIC-language-based inputting.) 10: Line number, INPUT : Key word (Statement) Acrereee , D : Operand, : Commands to end one line. 20 (SJE (Ax A+B *B—-2*A*B*COS D) fa 30 (PIC CONIC Cone) 40 CE) CN) CP) fomee b. Execution of the program Set the PC-1211 at the RUN mode by pressing the [Moog key. Next command the computer to start the execution of the program. Press (R] CU) CN) This will cause the following display. 9 DEG RUN t_This display indicates that the computer is requiring a numerical input. Press Display Note 3 2 A 4 ? B 60 Bae) 3.605551275 Answer When you want to calculate for another numerical values with aid of the same program, press the (R_] (U) (CN? and (ere) key again. (This key operation is automatically made, if programmed in advance. But its description is too complicated to give here.) Press Display Note RUN Ge) ? 3 (pees) ? 4 ? 45 2.833626 167 Answer 3. Cassette Magnetic Tape (CMT) (Optional feature); for details, see page 83.) We will brief hereunder the method of storing the program for Low of Cosines — mentioned in 2 above — on a CMT or of recording that program, in reverse, from the CMT to the PC-1211. (1) Prepare an optional cassette interface CE-121. (2) For connection of the PC-1211, CE-121 and a tape recorder, consult page 83. (3} a. PC-1211 = CMT (Program storing) Press (C JCS (CA IV JE | Oh A2 BHF cm FILE NAME (The file name can be determined by yourself. Here, A2 is the file name.) b. Press the key. The cassette tape recorder begins to rotate and nothing but symbol “RUN” shows up at the top of the display, thereby indicating that a certain program is being written on the tape. On the completion of writing, the PC-1211 pips and con- currently stops the tape movement with the prompt symbol {> } on the display. (4) CMT = PC-1211 (Program loading) a. To proceed to the program loading directly after the above operation, press the STOP button on the tape recorder to free it from recording phase and then disconnect the black plug from the remote terminal jack on the tape recorder. Thereafter, rewind the cassette tape. (Rewind the tape to the beginning of its recorded area. Search that beginning at your own guess or by the aid of a tape counter if available.) own guess or by the aid of a tape counter if available.) b. Insert the black plug into the remote terminal jack again. c. Press NEW : {In this step, clear the memory in advance on purpose to test if the program is perfectly loaded on the PC-1211.) d. Press CLOAD OO] A2 baer Or) Press the key. The tape then rotates to load the PC-1211 with the information recorded on the tape. On the completion of toading appears the prompt symbol (>) on the display. To check that the loading is perfectly made, press the [2] key. At each press on this key the line numbers of the loaded program are displayed in sequence from the final one to the first. . In case error code “5” appears during loading, repeat the operation of (4} above from the beginning. (For details, see page 87) {5) Let’s execute the program transferred from the CMT to the PC-1211. a. Set the PC-1211 at the RUN mode. b. Press RUN . The symbol ‘’?” will be displayed for requring a numerical input. Press Display 3 ? 4 ? 60 jae) 3.605551275 This shows that the PC-1211 is certainly loaded with the program from the CMT. Page OPERATIONAL NOTES...... 0.02.0. tt eee 1 INTRODUCTION. 2... eee 2 THE KEYBOARD .... 2.0... 00 eee 9 DISPLAY 2.0... ee eee ee ee eee 10 SECOND FUNCTION... 0... cece eee 12 MODE. 20. eee 13 READING-IN SYSTEM OF DATA .. 1... LL ee 13 COMPUTATION RANGE .... 2.2... eee 14 DISPLAY SYSTEM . 1.0... eee ee ene 14 MANUAL CALCULATIONS .. 0... ee eee 15 1. What is a manual calculation? ©... eee 15 2. For arithmetic calculations . 2.0... ee 15 3. Power calculation . 2... ee 17 4. Calculation with parentheses. 2.2... eee ee 17 5. Scientific functions... 2... eee 18 6. Logic functions... 2... ce ee ee ee eee 21 7. Calculations using memories . 2... eee 92 8. Successive designation of expressions in manual calculation................00005 22 9. PLAYBACK function. 2.0... eee 23 10. Editing expressions 2... ee eee ee eee 23 11. Priority of calculations... 2. ee eee 26 PROGRAMMING ... 20.0060 ee 28 1. What is a program calculation?. . 6... ke eee 28 2, Wirting programs. 6... ee 30 3. Checking stored programs... 0... 0... cee ee ee ee eee 32 4. Program correction . 0... ee 33 5. Executing programs. 2... oe ee eee 35 6. Debugging programs. 0... ee ee eee 37 7. Defined program. 2... 2 ee 38 RESERVABLE KEY... 1... 2. ee 41 1. Reserve for reservable keys... 0... eee ee 41 2. Use of reservable keys . 0... ee 42 3. Checking reserve programs . 2... 0 eee 44 4. Correction of reserve programs... 2... ee 44 5. Deleting reserve programs... 1. ce ee 45 6. Configuration of reserve programs .. 1... ee 45 VARIABLES 2.01. ee ee 46 1. Whatisavariable?. 2... eee 46 2. Specifying variables... ee ee 47 3. Inputting to variables. 2... ee 49 4. Recalling the contents of variables 2...) ee 50 PROGRAM STATEMENTS... 2... 0... eee 52 1. LET statement... 0.2.2 ee 52 2. INPUT statement .. 0... eee 53 3. PRINT statement ©... 2... ee ee 55 4, PAUSE statement... 6... ee 58 5. USING statement ©... eee 58 6. GOTO statement. ©... ee 60 7. UF statement... eee 61 8. GOSUB statement, RETURN statement ... 6.0... ee tt 63 9. FOR statement, NEXT statement... 2... eee 65 10. STOP statement 2... ee ete eet ene 69 11. END statement... 0... cee et ete 69 12. BEEP statement . 0... ce eee ee te een ee 69 13. CLEAR statement... 6.6 eee 69 14. DEGREE, RADIAN, GRAD statements... 0.0... 000-0000 cece eee eee 70 15. AREAD statement. ©... ee eee ee 70 16. REM statement... 0.6.2. ee 71 @ COMMAND STATEMENTS......... 0.000 eee eee eee e nent e ne ee nN 1. RUNcommand. .. 2.2... ee 71 2. DEBUG command... 6... eee eee teens 72 3. CONT command. ..- 6-62. ee eee eee 72 4. LIST command... 2.6... ee eee eee eee 73 5. NEWcommand... 6... eee eee 74 6. MEMcommand. .. 2.0... ee ee ee eee ee 74 @ ERROR.... 2... 0c eee eee ee ee eee ee 75 @ MAGNETIC TAPE CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS... 0.0... 20sec eee ee eee 77 1. CSAVE (Cassette Save) statement... 6... 0 te ee eee 77 2. CLOAD (Cassette Load) statement... 6... 0... ee eee 78 3. CLOAD? (Cassette Load?) statement ©... 0... ee eee eee 78 4, CHAIN statement... ee teens 79 5. PRINT # (Print cross-hatch) statement... 0.0.6... 2 cee ee 81 6. {NPUT # (Input cross-hatch) statement... 2.0.0 ee 82 @ CONNECTION OF CASSETTE INTERFACE (CE-121) .......... 00.0.0 eee eee 83 1. Battery replacement... 6. eee 83 2. Connecting the PC-1211 with the CE-121.. 0.0.0. ee eee 84 3. Connecting the CE-121 witha tape recorder... 00... 0... ee ee eee 85 @ MAGNETIC TAPE CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS AND TAPE RECORDER OPERATING PROCEDURES............... 0000.0 c cee eee evee 86 1, Adjustments of the tape recorder and hints during adjustments.................. 86 2. Recording to the magnetic tape (CSAVE and PRINT# command)................ 87 3. Collation (CLOAD? command) ....... 0... eee eee eee 88 4. Transfer from the tape (CLOAD, CHAIN, and INPUT# commands)............... 89 @ FUNCTIONS OF KEYS... 1... eet e ees 91 @ BATTERY REPLACEMENT ....... 0.0.0... ccc cect ence eee 95 @ SPECIFICATIONS .. 0... 2... ce ete eee nes 96 @ LIST OF FUNCTIONS AND STATEMENTS ............. 0.00.0. e eevee eee 97 1. Functions ©... eect ete eee 97 2. Statements... 2. eee et eee 98 Name label Write your name on the attached name label and stick it on the back of the computer. THE KEYBOARD Display "sane Power OFF key R Power ON key eservable keys Templates: i ENTER key calculation keys (Executes calculations or enters programs) Two templates are supplied with the machine. Write on each template the labels of key operations assigned to the reservable keys or those of defined programs assigned to the definition keys, and fit them in the keyboard. Assignment of reserves to keys (For reservable key: refer to page 41.) Example: SIN COS TAN ASN ACS ATN LN LOG CIEL ELICLILCLILICLI LI LI Ls RUN NEW MEM INPUT PRINT AxA BB EL} LI -L I LI LC JOICIL Example: Assignment of defined programs to keys (For defined program, see page 38.) SINPSON'S METHOD ‘COORDINATE, AVERAGE CONVERSIONS ICICI COC Co a 10 DISPLAY The PC-1211 has a 24-digit dot matrix liquid crystal display. (1) A display that occurs when the power is on or when the mode is changed. Angular symbol (DEG RAD GRAD) Mode symbol (DEF RUN PRO RESERVE) DEG RUN ~~ Battery indicator L promot symbol (The symbol shows that the machine is waiting for a new key input.) @ When the power is on immediately after battery replacement, the prompt symbol, DEG and RUN appear. @ When switched on except immediately after battery replacement, the computer displayed the prompt symbol, as well as an angular symbol and mode symbol which had been on the display just before the power supply was cut through the key or the automatic power-off function. @ When you change the machine mode by pressing the key, the PC-1211 displays the prompt symbol, the then existing angular symbol and a mode symbol which corresponds to the mode newly chosen. (2) Adisplay that occurs when you input an ‘‘expression” or others through the keys. (1) RUN mode: DEG RUN . Leursor (indicating the position of next entry) (2) RESERVE mode: RESERVE . lf a new key operation causes the display to exceed 24 digits, the previous display is shifted to the left to provide a space to display the new input. Cursor (3) A display of recalled information {1) RUN mode: Coursor (If the step indicated by the cursor is filled with an instruction, a symbol of that step and all of dots contained in one-digit display of that step are alternately displayed as cursor display.) (2) PRO mode: : J Cine number (Displays the line of program. Refer to page 31} (4) Calculation result (1) Fixed decimal point system: GRAD (2} Floating decimal point system (Scientific notation) DEG RUN . So Mantissa Exponent ® Numerical vatues such as calculation results are all displayed as being shifted to the right. (5) Error condition (1) Manual calculation [ iL Loeror code (2) Program calculation DEG RUN ot Hono on of non og om ono # Loenor code Line number (Dispiays the line number for which an error is detected.) 12 (6) Symbol Shift symbol (Appears when the 2nd function is designated.) Angular symbol ; in Mode symbol l SHFT DEG RAD GRAD DEF RUN PRO RESERVE *-+ Battery indicator Angular symbols DEG: Appears when DEGree mode is set. RAD: Appears when RADian mode is set. GRAD: Appears when GRAD mode is set. Mode symbols DEF: Appears when the DEFinable mode is set. RUN: Appears when the RUN mode is set. PRO: Appears when the PROgram mode is set. RESERVE: Appears when the RESERVE mode is set. @ Battery indicator The battery indicator is a grey dot located in the upper right corner of the display. When this dot is not on, the batteries must be replaced. _ SECOND FUNCTION The yellow key of the computer, marked ““SHFT” must be used to designate the material appearing in mustard above each key. When this key is pressed, the designation ‘“‘SHFT” will appear in the upper part of the display. If you press this key in error, press it a second time and the ‘“‘SHFT” designation will disappear. Example: (suet) (¥— > A" isentered. In this instruction manual, the key operation of second function is shown as follows; A Example: [sar [4 > (SH CA) The PC-1211 has four modes: definable, run, program and reserve program, each mode can be set by pressing the key located at the right side of the computer. Definable mode (DEF): Puts the machine in the defined program execution mode Perform defined program calculations in this mode. Run mode (RUN): Puts the machine in the calculation execution mode. Perform program or manual calculations in this mode. Program mode (PRO): Puts the machine in the program writing mode. Enter programs in this mode. Reserve program mode (RESERVE): Puts the machine in the reserve program writing mode. Enter reserve programs in this mode. The key changes the mode. | DEF RUN PRO RESERVE ——— Press _READING-IN SYSTEM OF DATA. To input a number in the machine, operate the [+] or (=) key first for inputting a sign, and then a numeric key or the decimal point key. (The operation of the key can be omitted, however.) To input a number in the scientific notation system (A x 108), input the mantissa, press the (Exp) key and input the exponent. Ex. —12.345 > (=) 4) [2) G) @) tf) @B 6.7x 10° > (6) (] (7) 912x110" > ©) 9) 2 ee Si | For the input data of mantissa only its upper 10 digits are effective, but the weight of the data is retained as much as the whole input data. For a number smaller than 1 but larger than --1 the data is also retained to a maximum of 10 digits, and its weight is retained as equal to that of input data. Ex. 1234567898765 > equal to 1.234567898 x 10’? 9.87654321234 > equal to 9.876543212 0.0000000002345678 > equal to 2.345678 x 107'° 0.00001234567 24 + equal to 1.234567 x 10'° For the exponent its last 2 digits are effective. Ex, 3 123 > equal to 3 x 107? 4 (Exe! (=) 3210 > equal to4x 10°7?° 13 COMPUTATION RANGE | The computing range is —9.999999999 x 10°° to -1 x 107°, Oand 1 x 10°°® to 9.999999999 x 10°?. ; In case of a number beyond above range, the number is taken to be an overflow error or 0. (See the illustration below.) —-9,999999999 x10” —1xi0" 0 1x10°% 9.999999999 x 10° | pos Computation cke Regarded ce Computation olo Error range asO range oo Errorgja DISPLAY SYSTEM | This machine displays a number in the fixed decimal point system or the floating decimal point system (scientific notation system). Numbers in the program calculation are displayed according to the designated format, but in the manual calculation, numbers within the following range are displayed in the fixed decimal point system, in principle, and other numbers are displayed in the floating decimal point system. Range of numbers displayed in the fixed decimal point system: —9999999999 <x <-—1x 10° x=0 1x 10°? <x < 9999999999 @ For a number within the range shown above that can not be displayed in the fixed decimal point system, the display system is automatically changed over to the floating decimal point system. Ex. 0000123486! 78 > 1.2345678 x 10~* A calculation result is displayed in the fixed decimal point system or the floating decimal point system, but it is stored in the memory in the form of Ax 108 (1</A/[<9.999999999, -99< B < 99) oras 0. 14 ~ MANUAL CALCULATIONS 1. What is a manual calculation? The PC-1211 is usually programmed in the PRO mode and executes given programs in the RUN or DEF mode. For problems that do not need programming, however, the computer permits to input data necessary for the solution of them in the RUN (or DEF) mode and processes those data direct. (Direct Execution) This method is called manual calculation. General form (Expression) {EATER} Example: 5 [kl 4 [ENTER] Input an expression and press the ENTER) +key. Then the computer will show the answer of the expression. @ Manual calculations given in the following examples are executed in the RUN mode. Set the machine to the RUN mode by pressing the key. (The symbol “RUN” then appears on the display.) An Expression is composed of the following instructions: @ Constant. O~9, +, 7, Exp ® Sign ... 2 t,- @ Arithmetic operator ....... +, —, * (Multiplication), / (Division), /\ (Power) @ Logic operator w=, >, << >=, <=, <> @ Functions occ SIN, COS, TAN, ASN, ACS, ATN, LN, LOG, EXP, DEG, DMS, INT, ABS, SGN, .A~Z,A( ) Parenthesis @ Memories .. An “Expression” can be made by combining these instructions according to a mathematical formula. A mathematical formula is defined as ‘Expression’, even if it is composed only of constants or memories. (Ex. 12, 7, A etc). 2. For arithmetic calculations (1) Addition and subtraction Ex. 7-9+14= —4,2+5-12.3= Operation Display Note RUN mode 759414 7-9414_ Expression (eren] 12. Ans. (CL) (=) 4.2 (4) 5 (=) 12.3 -—4, 2+5-12. 3_ Expression —-11.5 Ans. 15 (2) Multiplication and division BASIC language » - Ex. 12*24/5= (12X24+5=) Multiplication / + Division ZWE3S*KA/12= (27K10°X 4+12=) IE : Exponent Operation T Display Note (CL) 12 Ge) 247 5 12*24/5_ Expression 57.6 Ans. (CL) 27 [exe 3 e147) 12 27E3S*4/12_ Expression 9000. Ans. (3) Mixed calculation Ex. 54+24.3%16.49/73.4—37 4= Operation Display Note (CE) 54C+)24.3 0116.49 544+24. 3*16,. 49_ (71 3.4(-)374 | 54424. 3*16. 49/73, 4-37. 4_ 134. 455 Note that multiplication and division have priority to addition and subtraction. (4) When utilizing a displayed result in the subsequent calculation. In each of the above examples, the clear the preceding operations or the results of calculations. key is pressed first. This operation is intended to {f this operation is not made, the previous calculation result may be incorporated into a new expression. Example) 3+4= @ -5+6= \ The result of (1) is incorporated into the expression (2), thus calculation 3 + 4 — 5 + 6 = is carried out. Operation Display Note (ctJ3 Ce) 4 eae] p> FFI 5 (436 (pees 7. 7. ~5+6_ | 7. | | | The result of (1) The result of (1) , (7) is incorporated as data into ithe expression (2). 16 _— |f you press keys such as [+], Ee). , just before inputting an expression, the preceding calculation result is incorporated as data into that 3. Power calculation Ex. 4A3= (4°=) BAB.2K4A24= (37K 4%*=) 4A3A2= (4*°=) Operation Display Note (cL) 4 (suFT] (A J3 473 _ Expression [Evt} 64, Ans, 3 SCAT 3.2081 | BA8. 2x_ | Expression 4 (suet) (A) 2.4 373. 2*4°2, 4_ 936. 9836103 Ans. 4 (A) 3 Be CA 2 AS38372 _ Expression (Ener) 262144, t Ans. Note that power calculation has priority to four arithmetic calculations. 4. Calculation with parentheses This caiculation can be carried out by using the (() and {3} keys in the same manner as you use parentheses generally employed in mathematical formula. Ex. (72+.9)/4 *(21* 168/(7 -3)+ 2))= ; Operation | Display ‘Note | COW I4 4) (7249) /4*_ 21 687 | (7 24+9) 44x (21% (687 (7 _ T2330 7412095) +9) 74% (21* (687 (7-3) +2) ) _ (i) 8079. 75 [a The use of parentheses gives a quite different meaning as follows. Use due care when using instruc- tion “/” or a function, in particular. A+B/0 = ats J AtB > VATE A+ - = cateoyc > AFB VY CAtB) = VATE AZOKD + BO JAB > BVA A/“(OXD) > a5 / (AxB) — JAB A BAL CO > ArB/e > Bags AkBHO > ABLC A/B/C) =o =e Ax(B+C) > A(BEO) Cc 17 5. Scientific functions The machine permits a function to be calculated in the same procedure as you calculate it according to mathematic formula. @ When performing a functiona! calculation of a constant or memory, input it following a func- tion as SIN 30 or SIN A. In other cases be sure to input it following a function as parenthe- sized like LN (A * B) or SIN (7/2). @ Angle mode The angular mode is designated by the followings: Degree mode: [bd][E)(G](RIJ(E] (“DEG” will appear at the top of the display.) Radian mode: (R1 (A) (0) (1) (AI (8) (“RAD" will appear) Grad mode: (RITA) (“GRAD" will appear) @ Trigonometric functions (SIN, COS, TAN} Ex. S| N30= (sin30=) Set the angular mode to “DEG”. COS (2/4)= (cos7 =) RAD mode TAN 150= (tan150=) GRAD mode Operation | Display Note DEG ( (OIJTEI GTR ICE JCE jfewen} ) "DEG" CSIC1 I (4) 30 SIN3O_ 0.5 SIN 30° RAD CeILoj(sJLOSMG | COS G_ (7) 407 COS (2§ 44) _ 7. 071067812E-01 | COS Grad) GRAD = (T)CAT(N] 150 | TAN150_ 1, TAN 150° (3) Inverse trigonometric functions (ASN, ACS, ATN) Ex. ASN-0.5= ¢sin-(—0,5)=) ASN: Arcsine ACS (—0.5+0.1)= (cos"'(—0.5+0.1)=) ACN: Arccosine ATN (7/3)= (tan*Z =) ATN: Arctangent Operation Display | Note DEGEO (ISIN 1.5 ASN-. 5 — (oars) —30. io) RAD(AJLEISITIE).5 | ACS (-. 5_ (4.10) ACS (—~. 54+. 1) _ 1. 982313173 (rad) GRAD CAITINICO7 | ATN(7_ TITS) ATN (773) _ (Bere 74. 22378832 io) (4) Logarithmic functions (LN, LOG) Ex. LN7.4= (In7.4=) [ Note: In X = loggX : Natural logarithm LOG100= (!og100=) fog X = logygX: Common logarithm Operation Display Note (11(N)7.4 LN7. 4_ 2.00148 Ans. CLICOICe 1100 LOG100_ 2. Ans. \ (5) Exponential functions (EXP) Ex. EXP—13.6= (e7**) [Note: EXP is LN of anti-logarithm] Operation Display Note CEI DOC I= 113.6 EXP -13. 6_ 1.24049508E-06 Ans. (6) Roots Ex. / 73= (V73=) vv 6= (V/256=256=) ¥ (3*34+4*4)= (/37+47 =) Operation Display Note {cL} 73 ¥ 73_ ENTER 8. 544003745 Ans. 256 ¥ ¥ 256_ 4. Ans. G05 3 VOB KR 3G4)4G94 0) ¥ (3*34+4*4) _ 5. Ans. (7) Angle conversions (DMS, DEG) DMS: Decimal degrees > Degrees/minutes/seconds When converting decimal degrees to the equivalent degrees/minutes/seconds, the answer is broken down: integer portion = degrees; 1st and 2nd decimal digits = minutes; 3rd and 4th digits = seconds; and the 5th through end decimal digits are decimal degrees. DEG: Degrees/minutes/seconds > Decimal degrees To convert an angle given as degrees/minutes/seconds to its decimal equivalent, it must be entered as integer and decimal respectively. Ex. Convert 15.4125° to its degree/minute/second equivalent. Convert 15°24'45” to its decimal equivalent. 19 20 Operation Display Note (cL) = (DCMS } 15.4125 DMS15. 4125_ 15. 2445 15°24’ 45" (DICE) CG 15.2445 DEG15. 2445_ eae] 15.4125 15.4125" (8) Integer (INT) The function converts numerical values such as answers of expressions to the largest integers not larger than those values: 12.34 to 12. or —2.45 to —3., for example. Ex. INT (65/3)= INT (-0.3)= Operation Display Note HONICICT) $793 CONIC ].3 INT (6573) _ INT -. 3 21. (9) Sign function (SGN) The function takes the following values for numerical value X. +1. if X>0 0 if X=0 ~-1 if X<O Ex. SGN(5-9)= Operation Display (SIC § (=) 9 (ona SGN (5-9) _ (10) Absolute value (ABS) The function finds out the absolute value | X | of a numerical value X. Ex. ABS (5-9)= ((5-9]=) Operation Display Note moamcsicos5e9 Oo ABS (5-9) _ 6. Logic functions These functions take 1 when an expression composed using logic operators (=, >,<, >=,<= and <>) is true, and 0 when false. In other words, x © y (© is a logic operator) takes 1 or O depending on the relations of x and y. { Logic ] operator —™ 1ifx=y. 0 ifx#y. 5 Vifx>y 0 ifx<y < 1ifx<y Oifx>y se Vifxey 0 ifx<y <= lifx<y Oifx>y <> Lifxety Note: < > has the same meaning as #. | Oifx=yp %€ The logic functions using = are, if set up in the form of [memory] = (expression) like A = (expression ), B = ( expression), forexample, not judged to be logic functions but inputs to the memory (substitutional statement). To prevent this, you must compute them.in the form of (expression ) = [memory]. This is not true of relative equations in iF statements, how- ever. Ex. (54+8)>(3*4)= (24/5) <=(2.4 2)= Operation | Display Note CO 5 C+) 8 (seer) J (5+8) > _ CU 30144 (54+8)) (34) _ (pve) 1. Ans. CO) 24 (7 5 (ae <5=3 (24/5) <=_ (1) 2.4 GR] 200) (24/5) (= (2. 4*2) _ 1. Ans. = Reference = Logical sum (OR). and product (AND) can be formed by the following composition of logical computations. ° ‘o) Logical sum = (logical computation) + (logical computation) Example: (A <0) + (A> 8} 1 is taken if A is smaller than O or larger than 8. (B>0) + (C >0) 1 (2) is taken if B or C is larger than O and both B and C are larger than 0. @ Logical product (logical computation) * (logical computation) Example: (B> 1) *(B<6) 1 is taken if B is larger than 1 and smaller than 6. 21 7 . Calculations using memories The PC-1211 has two types of data memories: fixed memory — 26 pieces in all — and flexible memory. In this paragraph we will describe the method of calculation using fixed memories. (For details, refer to page 46.) (1) Specifying memories (1) The fixed memories are given labels A through Z, each being specified by the [A] through (CZ) keys. Example: When the memory A is loaded with 4 and the memory B with 5. Ce CBIT=) 12 > 17. Laj f=) 4 Co) fA 04 > 3. (BI) (=) 5 | (2) Specifying memories @) (3 The fixed memories A through Z are numberd from 1 through 26, each being specified in the form of A(__). (When you specifiy the memories by this method, those are called dimension memories, in particular.) Example: [AJC] 2 (2) > Memory A (2), namely memory B, is specified. (Aj}CO)2 30) > Memory A (5), namely memory E, is specified. ) Input to the memories Numerical values and others are input to the memories in the following forms. General form [memory] [=] (expression ) Example: CA](=) 5 (2) 6 (rel > Loading the answer of 5* 6 (30) on the memory A shew + Loading the contents of memory A and memory B on the memory Y. (AIC) 26 (E134) 98 > Loading the answer of 3+ 9 (12) on the memory A (26) (memory 2). @ When the memories are loaded with new data, they are cleared of their previous contents. (4) Recalling the memory contents 8. 22 The memory contents are recalled in the following form. General form [memory] Example: [A > Recalling the contents of memory A (AICO 18 25 > Recalling the contents of memory A (18) (memory R) Successive designation of expressions in manual calculation In manual calculation, you can designate and solve two or more expressions in succession by punctuating them with comma. In this case, however, the computer displays the result of the final execution alone. General form (Expression) (s#t] [>] (Expression) (#1) [>] ( Expression ) fj 5 7 Example: When A= oa" -2, -=4. solve A *B/C= Operation Display Note (AVE (FAILO 120-419 |) A=5 7 (12-4) _ suet} 9 JCB IC= J87C7 l2diser)( 9 | A=5 7 (12-4), B=87/24, _ (€)0=3122045 7|7 (12-4), B=87/24, C=12/7 (7_ C418 iis) —-4), B=87/724, C=12/7 (7+8), _ (AIR CBITAIE) | =87724, C=12/7 (748), AXKB/C_ 2. 83203125 9. PLAYBACK function You will get back in the display a portion of your original input to check and/or edit with this function. This function is activated by pressing the [B=] or (=a) key right after the /ENTER| key in manual calculation. Example 1: When an execution is finished without occurence of an error: Operation Display Note (ALE) 19 C4] 54 A=19+54_ 73. @l or [=] | A=19+54 Recall nN L the cursor shows up at the head of a display. (The contents of the execution are displayed from the head in sequence.) Example 2: When an error occurs: Operation Display fe = (BCS 097) 123456 4 | B= ( (123456+_ 7890120 1427177197) (1234564789012) *427/197_ (OIC7) 0 £49139) +789012) 4277197) 704139_ Vice eee ee ee raaaihalned @l o Ge} 3456+789012) *427/197) 0% Recall 10. Editing expressions The cursor appears where an error is detected. d (The contents of the execution is displayed to the extent that the display involves the infor- mation stored where the error has been detected.) Input exepressions, if recalled by the playback function before or immediately after their execu- tion, can be arbitrarily edited (subjected to correction, insertion or deletion}. When you make a correction, insertion or deletion, follow the procedures given below. Correction: Move the cursor to the position where information to be corrected is stored, by operating the [™] or (=) key, and make a proper key operation anew. Insertion: by the aid of the (me) or Move the cursor to the address position where you want to insert information, key, and press the and [INS] keys. 23 Then the contents of that address and the subsequent are individually shifted one step backward and an insertion mark (= ) appears in the emptied address. The cursor still stays at that position, and you can enter an insert there. Deletion: Move the cursor to the address position whose contents you want to delete, by pressing the () or (#) key and press the and [Det] keys. The contents in the said address are deleted and the subsequent contents are shifted one step forward. The cursor still remains at the said position. Example: When you make a mistake in inputting the expression below, edit as follows. A=5+6% (21/78 | N30) Proper operation OE 5 1 6 OO) FI 0 (1) Correction when the [+] key is pressed by mistake instead of the (*] key. Operation | Display Note cocesc6 | acs+e+_ le A=54+6% A=5+6%_ : | Do The (+ } key is indexed instead of the (2k | key. The cursor goes down. A proper key is indexed. (2) When you have forget to inputthe (S}, (1) and [NW] keys (Insertion of SIN) Operation | Display Note DEG (ADE) 5 (416 Ce} A=5+6%*_ CO M7)! A=5+6* (21730) _ (= a} | A=54+6% (21780) gry (ins! | A=5+6%* (21/7830) HFT] (NS) GF OWS) | A=5+6% (21/85930) CSUCDICN) | A=5+6* (21S 1 NBO) 257. SIN is not entered. The cursor goes down. The steps where you want to enter SIN are emptied. SIN is inserted. (3) When you have input 211 by mistake instead of 21 (Deletion of 1) Operation Display Note | DEG CANE) 5 16 ICO | A=5 46x (_ a) a) Se | AH 546 (215 euTER| MCAS 300 | A=5+6* (2117S 1N30) _ (J a =D | A=54+6% (2117S 1N30) 17S 1N30) BHF} Bet) | A=5+6* (217%S1N30) 257. The cursor goes down to the position where you want to make an deletion. 1 is deleted. 24 (4) When you have input 2 by mistake instead of 6 and executed the computation. Operation Display Note DEG (R15 2G A=54+2k (_ PICS IOI WO) A=5+2* (21/7S1N30) _ oa 89. [H A=5+2% (21/S1N 30) Hasina ia RIE | A=5+2% (21/S1N 30) The cursor goes up. 6 | A=5+6 #(21/SIN 30) Correction ora 257. (5) When you have input SIN 0 by mistake instead of SIN 30 and executed the computation (Occurrence of an error} Operation Display Note DEG BoE15 46) A=5+6% (_ A=5+6x* (21/S!1NO) _ A=5+6%* (21/7S IN 02 A=5+6%* (21/SIN 20) A=5+6x (21/SIN 30) 257. Error is detected. The contents of ex- ecution are recalled. 3 is inserted. ®@ Cursor fast running function if you keep the [@] or (=a) key pressed, so the cursor automatically goes up (rightward) or down (leftward) about one second later. The cursor moves 10 steps per one second, The cursor stops running fast as soon as the said keys are released. When editing long information, run the cursor fast to near the desired position and move it step by step by pressing the [J] or (ss) key. —— — « Number of input characters ) The computer once places data — numerals, alphabet, calculation instructions appearing on the display — that are entered through the keyboard, in the input buffer, decides, with the depression of the key, what instructions are entered, and executes input instructions after converting them to the corresponding codes. The input buffer can contain a maximum of 80 characters. (1 character corresponds to a 1-digit display) when the buffer is loaded with 80 characters, the cursor flickers on the right- est place of the display. if further given an input in this state, the machine only provides a display of a character newly input in instead of a display of an existing 80th character, refusing to shift the display to the left. A manual calculation is not properly executed, if its data contains over 80 characters including {fh} key. Therefore, you must limit its data scale to within 80 characters. The contents recalled through the playback function refer to the information stored in the input buffer after converted to codes on the 1-instruction/1-step basis. - 26 11. Priority of calculations In principle, the computer performs calculations from the left to the right. However, those are individually given priority level depending on their kind; for example, function, multiplica- tion or division has priority over addition or subtraction. The following shows the priority level of the computer. . Recalling a and fixed memories A through Z. . Recalling memories in the form of A( _) (Recalling dimension memories) 3. Power directly preceded by a multiplication in which * to be right before memory or 7 is omitted: 2A A 3, for example. nN 4. Multiplication of which * is omitted as 2A, 7B or AB (see page 27.) 5. Functions (SIN, COS, TAN, ASN, ACS, ATN, LN, LOG, EXP, DMS, DEG, INT, ABS, SGN, vi) 6. Power { /\) other than defined in 3 above. 7. Sign (+, —) 8. Multiplication and division (*,/) 9. Addition and division (+, -) 10. Logical computation (=, >,<>=,<=,<>) ®@ Calculations in parenthesis will occur first. In multiple parenthesis, calculations in the inner- most parentheses have priority over all the others. ® Compound functions (LN ABS A, EXP Vv 8) are calculated from the right to the left. @ A string of powers, such as 3 A 4 A 2, is calculated from the right to t