Manual / Guide · 1968
HP 9100A Operating and Programming Manual
The owner's manual for the 9100A (09100-90001): the keyboard, the X, Y, Z display registers, storage registers, programming and magnetic cards.
Manual / Guide · 1968
The owner's manual for the 9100A (09100-90001): the keyboard, the X, Y, Z display registers, storage registers, programming and magnetic cards.
mJ HEWLETT·PA HEWLETT PA~CKARD WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE Th Hewldt Pr1ckard 91 OOA Calculator 1s warranted aam t cfefect~ 1n matenal and worrkrnansh1p. Th1s warranty r r lt f r ne yPar from the date of del1very for calculat r r turned to the nearest HP f1eld off1ce. We will repair r rPr. lcJ e PcH1~ wh1ch prove to bE? defect1ve dunng the w nrJ ty per~o J No other warranty IS expressed or imr I1E d We are not l1able for consequent1al damages. v a 1 tance contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard and Serv1ce Off1ce. Addresses are prov1ded on par,es 32 and 33 of th1s manual. OPERATING AND PROGRAMMING HEWLETT PACKARD 9100A Th1s S1~ct1on contams generat information about the Model 91 OOA. lncluded 1s a d1scussion of calculator performance checks, accessories supplied with the Model 9100A. and m format1on concern ing servicing. The Hewfett-Packard 9100A Calculator is a scientific desktop ca Ieu lator. Trigonometrie and loga rithmic functions are calculated w1th a single keystroke. The Model 9100A 1s programmable; conditional branch instructions provide complete programming capability. ln addition, two programs can be recorded on each magnetic card supplied with the 91 OOA. The Calculator has two memory systems. One JS a unique Hewlett-Packard Read-Only-Memory. lt contains the subroutines necessary to execute the keyboard instructions and . I I to calculate the trigonometric and logarithmic funct 1ons. The 91 OOA also contains a magnetic core memory which adds the storage and programming features. There are 19 access1ble registers in the magnetic core memory: three are d1splayed, two are only for data storage and 14 can be used for program storage or tor additional data storage. The 14 program reg1sters can accommodate up to 196 program steps. Three reg1sters are displayed on the cathode ray tube; they are designated x KEYBOARD, y ACCUMULATOR and z TEMPORARY. The format of the display can be selected on the keyboard. With Floating Point notation, the contents of the registers are displayed as a ten -digit number and a two-d1git exponent. indicating the power of ten multiplier. This mode of display allows simultaneaus presentation of very large (up to 1Q99) and very small (down to 10-s) numbers. With Fixed Point notation, the contents of the registers are displayed in decimal format, with the num· ber of digits to the right of the decimal (0 to 9) set by the decimal thumbwheel. Regardless of the display mode selected, the 9100A operates in Floating Point calculating all answers to 12 digits, of which ten are displayed. I 5 The calculat or was carefully inspected both mechanically and electrically before sh ipment. lt should be physically f ree of mars or scrat ches and in perfect electrical order upon receipt. To confirm this. the calculator should be inspected for physical damage in transit. Also check for supplied accessories listed in Table 1 (page6) , and test the elect rical performance of the calculator . A magnetic program card loaded with the Diagnostic Program (See page 28. for an explanation) is in t he pocket on the rear cover ot the Program libra ry. To enter the program: SET: ON SET: RUN SET: RADIANS SET: FIXED PRESS: GO TO ( )( ) 0 0 Be sure magnetic card is fully inserted in the card reader with the printed side of the card toward the keyboard. PR ESS: ENTER PR ESS: 0 N T I N c u E Execut ion of the program (indicated by a flash ing display of X 3., Y 2 000000 and Z == 1.) ensures that the 91 OOA 1s operating correctly. lf the calcu lator is damaged or an elect rical deficiency is ind icated, f ile a claim with t he carrier or refer to the warranty on t he inside front cover of th is manual. CAUTION USE A SOFT CLOTH TO CLEAN THE DISPLAY BEZEL. AN ABRASIVE MATERIAL WILL SCRATCH THE SURFACE. ITIAL I SPECTIO 6 TS The Model 91 OOA requires either 115 or 230 volts ac :t 10%, 50 to 60 Hertz and 400 Hertz and requi res less than 70 watts of power. With the calculator disconnected from the ac power source, slide the line valtage switch on the rear panel until the line valtagetobe used appears. CAUTION DO NOT APPLY OPERATING POWER TO THE 9100A CALCULATOR UNLESS THE UNE VOLTAGE SWITCH ON THE REAR PANEL IS IN THE PROPER POSITION. OTHERWISE, DAMAGE TO POWER TRANSFORMER MAY RESULT. 01 To protect operating personnel, the National Electrical Manufacturers' Association (NEMA) recommends that the calculator keyboard and cabinet be grounded. The calculator is eqUipped with a three-conductor power cable wh1ch, when plugged into an appropriate receptacle, grounds the cabinet of the calculator. The round pin on the power cable three-prong connector is the ground connection. The accessones and equipment supplied with each Model 9100A are listed in Table 1. LI TABLE 1 Accessories / Equipment Supplied SERVICE CONTRACTS PART NO. QUANTITY DESCRIPTION 09100-90001 2 091 00-90002 09100-90003 091 00-90004 1 1 1 4040 . 0350 5060 . 5919 1 1 8120 . 0078 9320 . 1157 1 1 Operating ana Pro· gramming Manual Program Library Program Pad Magnetic Program Card Loaded with Diagnostic Program Dust Cover Magnetic Program Card Container with Ten Program Cards Power Cord Pull-out lnstruction Card contained in the bottom of the 9100A A box of five program pads (Part No. 09100 90000) is available. ServicE~ contracts are available for the 9100A Calculator. For further information contact your local Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service office. (See pages 32 and 33 for off1ce locations.) I K YBOARD Switches ac line power to the Calculator. Application of ac line power lights the register designators at the right of the cathode ray tube. Selects the entry and display units for the trigonometric functions. Selects the mode of operation. RUN: used to perform calculations, address the program counter and execute a program . PROGRAM: used to enter a program from the keyboard and verify a program. Selects the mode of display. FLOATING DECIMAL POINT: the d1splay consists of a ten digit number and a two-d1g1t exponent. indicating the power of ten multiplier. NUMBER 12,345.67898 DISPLAY 1.234567898 X 104 I 2 34 56 7 898 0'1 FIXED DECIMAL POINT: the number is displayed with the decimal pomt correctly located. The dec1mal wheel sets the number of places to the nght of the dec1mal point. The least sign1ficant d1g1t 1s rounded. lf the number overflows to the left of the decimal point, the display for the overflowed register reverts to floatmg dec1mal point. DISPLAY DECIMAL WHEEL SETTING 5 I 2 3 'I 5.6 78 9 8 12 3 4 56 1_9_ 3 t Leading Zeros Blanked 7 t Last D1g1t Rounded Number too large for th is settmg - automatically shifts to floating decimal point. T.h7 error light indicates an illegal operation such as di~tSion by 0 .•. -v=:-;, . sin-t x ( x > 1), ln x (x < O). An Illegal operatton dunng program execution will not stop the program. 7 MBER TRY Clears the X, Y, Z, e and f reg1 sters (0. ~ X,Y ,Z,e and f) . Clears the FLAG and clears the ARC and HYPER condi · trons. Clears the X reg1ster (0. ~ X) . Clears the ARC and HYPEH cond1t1on s. lt 1s not necessary to press CLEAR x before eac h entry. Chang,es the s1gn of the contents of the X register. Chang,es the s1gn of the exponent if ENTER EXP was pres sed. Sets the dec1mal point. lt is not necessary to enter the dec1mal pomt when entering 1ntegers or when using the ENTER EXP key. Cle91S the exponen t and causes the next digit entries (0 to 99) and CHG SIGN to affect only the exponent. The exponE'nt digits are entered in a serial manner, with each new d1git entry becoming t he least significant digit of the exponent. 00 00 10 0. CLEAR ENTER EXP 2 1 0 0. c. Pressmg ENTER EXP after any keyboard operation, except d ig1t entry, w1ll enter 1.0 for the n umber in X. CLEAR ENTER EXP CHG SIGN 00 0. 00 0. I. 000 000 000-06 6 Al l ~\EYBOARD ENTRIES ARE DISPLAYED IN THE X REGISTER . SET: FLOAT ENTER: 126.78 ClEAR 1 2 7 8 or CLEAR 1 2 6 6 • 7 00 00 oc 0. 0. t.c6 7 B s· ENTER EX P f i 2 NUMBER ENT Y SET: FLOAT ENTER: -39,800 CLEAR X CHG SIGN 3 0 0 or CL EAR 3 9 X SET: SET: - 3.98 X 10 4 9 8 8 CHG SIGN 0. 0. -3.980 0 ENTER EXP 00 00 04 4 FIXED Decimal wheel to 4 ENTER: .0094 CLE AR X 9 CHG SIGN or CLEAR • X 4 0 0. 0. .0 0 9 '1 ENTE R EXP 3 0 9 4 FIXED SET: SET: Decimal wheel t o 4 ENTER: 128.0167 CLEAR X 1 2 8 0 1 6 7 SET: Dec1mal wheel to 3 • 0. 0. /2 8.0 I 6 7 0. 0. I 2 8.0 I 7 SET : Decimal wheel to 8 0 0 1.280 16 7 02 0. 0. 00 00 - '1. -12 SET: FLOAT ENTER: - 4 x iQ - I2 CLEAR X 1 CHG SIGN 2 4 ENTER EXP CHG SIGN CO 1 ~ \ RO EYS tt n the contents of the dtsplayed regtsters as requtred for succeedmg r{ fl r to the content s of X Y and z. r i Dupltcates the contents of X to the Y regtster and shifts the contents of Y to the Z regtster. Loses the contents of the Z regtster. 4 t 3 t '1. 3. 3. Dupltcates the contents of Z to the Y register and shifts the contents of the Y register to the X regtster. Loses the contents of the X register. t t 5. 5 5. 5. --x:_L l'JCY \ ~x Shtft5. the contents of X to the Y register, shift s the con· tents of Y to the Z register and shifts the content s of Z to the X register. CLEAR 9 t ROLL rr t ROLL 3.1 'I I 5 0. 9. t ROLL .::.:tZ ) y X X Shifts. the contents of Z to the Y regist er, shift s t he con· tents of Y to the X regtster and shifts the cont ent s of X to the Z register. CLEAR ROLL X -} 1 1 ROLL I I. "' 0. 2. 2 z .. z Y~Y Exchanges the cont ent s of th e X and Y registers. The contents of Z are unchanged. x ......~x 6 t t 3 5. 3. 5. ARITHMETI C KEYS The arithmetic keys operate on the X and Y registers, entering the result of the calculat1on mt the Y register and leaving the X register unchanged. Adds the contents of the X register to the contents of the Y register. The sum is entered into the Y register and the X register is unchanged. 8 + 4 == 12 ~ y 8 CLEAR t 4 0. I 2. + 1.{. 6 + 7 + 4 -= 17 ~ y t 6 CLEAR 7 D. + I 1. 1.{. 4 + Subtracts the contents of the X reg1 ster from the contents of the Y register. The difference 1s entered mto the Y register and the X register is unchanged. 1 7 -9 == 8 ~ Y 1 CLEAR 7 t D. 8. 9. 9 47 - 19 - 8 + 5 -= 25 ~ y CLEAR 4 7 t 0. 2 5. 1 5 9 - 8 - 5 + 1 :TIC KEYS ARIT Mult1pl1es the contents of the Y register by the contents of the X reg1ster. The product 1s entered into the Y reg1stHr and the X reg1ster 1s unchanged. 63 ~ Y 9 X 7 - CLEAR t 9 7 0. 63 00 X 7. 3 X 5 X 4 + 8 - 7.5 ~ Y CLEAR 4 t 3 5 8 X X 0. 7.50 8. -• • Div~des the content s of the Y register by the contents of the X register. The quotient is entered into the Y register and the X register is unchanged. 36-;... 4 == 9 ~ y CLEAR 3 t 6 0. 9.00 4 Lf• • • 72 -:- 6 7 3 + 9 == 13 ~ y CLEAR 7 2 -• 3 - • t • • (3 EXAMIPLE 9 X 4) KEY 4-- X 56- 6 3 ~ 4 + + + (6 - (8 X 2) STEP 123- 0. /3.00 9. 6 STEP 7- 89101112- 9) 6 KEY 9 - 8 ~ 2 X == .9~ y STEP 1314-- 1516- KEY 6 -... • • CON ROL-STORAG The Storage and Recall Keys provide access to the 16 storage reg1 ster 0 1 2 1 4 5 h 7 b. c , d ,e and F. lt is not necessary to clear a register before stonng a numb~r wr t stored number. Stores the contents of X in the register ind1cated by the following keystroke: 0. 1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , a, b , c , d. e or F. The contents of the X register a re unchanged. Stores the contents of Y in the register indicated by the tollowmg keystroke: 0, 1, 2. 3 , 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9, a, b, c , d, e orF. The contents of the Y register are unchanged . CONTROL·RECALL Press a, b . c, d. e or F to recall the contents ofthat reg1s· ter to the X reg1ster. The contents of a , b, c , d, e or f are unchanged. The y :1 >key must be used to recall the con tents of the numeric registers. Pressing only 0 , 1, 2. 3. 4, 5, 6, 7. 8, 9 will not recall the contents of that register to the X reg1ster, but will enter that digit in the X regi ster. Recalls the contents of F and e to the X and Y registers. The contents of f and e are unchanged. CONTROL-STORAGE AND RECALL Exchanges the contents of Y with the contents of the regi ster indicated by the following keystroke: 0 , 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, 9, a. b , c. d , e or f . This 1s the only mstruct1on that recalls the contents of a numeric storage register. 0 9. a y~() I. 0. 0. 3 9. I. a x~ ' > I. I. 0. I. 9. 3 3 Q a 1 FUN TON' K YS ~'-~~~,r:;>J~~~ ·j' "'- " . I '·'•· Select~, the entry and dtsplay un1ts for the trigonometnc functtons. To convert from DEGREES (RADIANS) to RADIANS (DEGRE:ES): SET: DEGREES (RADIANS) ENTER: DEGREES (RADIANS) PRESS: sin x , cos x, tan x SET: RADIANS (DEGREES) PRESS: a~c sin x, cos x. or tan x; answer in RADIANS (DEGREES) 1s entered mto the X reg1ster. Inverse~ tngonometnc functtons are calculated for the princtpal value of the function. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 9 Stn- 1X; 9 COS 1x; 0 ~ 9 e tan -90 _8 -t 180 ; (0 ~ 9 < TT) <e +90 ; (- 7Tf2 ~ e <+ "o/2) - 90 1 x; t 90; (- 7T 2<8 <-r 7T 2) EXAMPLE sm +135°. +.7071; sm- 1 +.7071- +45. 0 Rep~aces the contents of the X register with the Sine of the contents of X. Replaces the contents of the X regtster wtth the Cosine of the contents of X. Replaces the contents of the X register with the Tangent of the contents of X. Prefix used to calculate the tnverse trigonometric and hyperboltc functtons. The answer ts entered into the X register. Prefix used to calculate the hyperbolic (sinh, cosh, and tanh) functtons. The answer is entered into the X register. sinh - 1 2 = 1. 4436 EXAMP'LE: INCORRECT CORRECT 2 arc ....... hyper " sin .r 2 hyper arc " " sin .r sm- 12 ~ LIGHT . ~ ERROR FUNCTION K EYS Replaces the contents of the X register with the square root of the contents of X. Replaces the contents of the X register with the logarithm to the base e of the contents of X. Replaces the contents of the X register with e raised to the power defined by the contents of X. Replaces the contents of the X register w1th the loganthm to the base 10 of the contents of X. Integer X . Eliminates t he decimal part of the contents of t he X register. Enters the integer into the X register. ClEAR 5 • 9 int .r 0. D 5. Absolute value of Y. Sets the contents of the Y register positive. CLEAR CHG SIGN 5 t IYI 0. 5. -5. Enters pi into th e X register. 5 1 V C 0 Convers1on from reetangular to polar coordmates wrll cal· culate the angle, 9, rn the range: < 9 < + 180° - 180 9 < + 1T radians 1T radrans - Changes reetangular coordrnates consistrng of an x com· ponent rn the X register and a y component in the Y regis· ter to polar coordrnates: Angle Tan-t (9) Radius y x~Y J x2 + y2 ~ X (R) SET: DEGREES " l y CLEAR CHG 4 i SIGN 3 0. - 5 3. 13 0 I 5. TO POLAR Changes polar coordinates consisting of a radius (R) in the X regrster at an angle (9) in the Y register to reetangular coordinates: y component - R X Sin 9 ~ y x component :=: R x Cos 9 ~ X 2 2 {X TO RECT CLEAR ,.. 2 5 t 0. -1.0 0 00 -1.0 000 VECTOR KEYS ACCUMULATE +: Adds the contents oftheX and Y regrsters to the contents of the Fand e regrsters respectrvely. The sums are entered mto the Fand e regrsters. Fand e are cleared with the CLEAR mstructron. f +X ~f e +Y ~e ACCUMULATE - : Subtracts the contents of the X and Y regrsters from the contents of the fand e regrsters respectrvely. The drfferences are entered mto the fand e regrsters. f- X ~ f e- Y ~ e Recalls the contents of the fand e regrsters to the X and Y regrsters respectrvely. The contents of fand e are unchanged. f~ X e~ Y t 2 CLEAR 0. '1. CHG SIGN 1 ACC RCL ACC ACC + + RCL 0. 0. o. -2. EXAMPLE: Vector Add1tron (2x + 3y) + (4x 5y) (3x - STEP KEY KEY STEP 1- CLEAR STEP 6- 2- 789- t 4 111213- CHG SIGN 3 t 2 5 14- ACC + 3- 4- ACC + 6y) 3x + 14y ACC + 510156 EXAMPLE: Mult iplrcation of complex numbers (J2 (3 + j4) (- 2 J3) -18 + jl STEP KEY STEP 1234- CLEAR 789- 4 t 3 5- TO POLAR 1011- 6- ln .r 12- + KEY t 3 - RCL -1) KEY STEP KEY +' 13- In :x ACC + 3 t 2 141516- ACC CHG SIGN 17- TO RECT TO POLAR RCL ex 17 8 R GRAMIMI The Hewlett Packard Model 9100A has a maximum capac tty of 196 program steps. The 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b c, and d regtsters can be used for etther program or data storage. The X, Y and Z regtsters are the display regtsters and the e and F regtsters are only data storage regtster~. these ftve regtsters cannot be used for program storage. Program stor age conststs of a 14 by 14 array (see Figure 1). The regtsters are destgnated 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, and d as are the characters in each register. Memot"Y address c2 ind1cates the c regtster and character 2 tn the c regtster. A program ts stored so that the regtster with the starting addres.s of the program ts ftlled w1th the program steps before the next sequenttal regtster ts entered to store program steps. Wtth the first program step in location 00, program storage wtll be used tn the followtng manner: 00, 01, . . . 09. Oa. Ob, Oe, Od. 10. . . . 19, la, 1b, lc, ld, 20 ... up to dc, d d. the address at which the program coql;lter resets to 00. lt ts not necessary to learn a program language for the Calculator. Keyboard operations are the program instructlons. Each program step is one keyboard instruction. Programs that require more storage than the e and f registers necess1tate use of a register that could be used for program storage. A complete reg1ster is required for stonng a ten-dtgtt number and the two-digi t exponent; therefore. the maxtmum program stze of 196 steps is reduced by 14 steps for each program register used for data ~o~ge. CHARACTER o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d 0 1 2c 2 3 4 5 C:t: ·--La.l ( f) <-' La.l ':t: 6 7 8 9 a b c Program or Data Storage c2 d e f Data Storage ... X y z Display Figure 1 PROGRAMMING Selects the mode of operat1on. RUN: used to perform calculatJons . address the program counter and execute a program. PROGRAM: used to enter a program from the keyboard and venfy a program . Causes an uncondit10nal branch to the program address entered by the next two keystrokes or by the next two pro· gram steps. Each program step can be only one keystroke. CORRECT INCORRECT STEP KEY STEP KEY 29 GO TO ( ) ( ) 29 GO TO ( ) ( l 2a 5 2a 5C 2b c 2b Starts program execut1on at the present address. lf the program has halted execut1on at a STOP mstruct1on. pressing CONTINUE will start program execut1on w1th the next program step. lf the program has halted execut1on at an END mstruct1on, pressmg CONTINUE w1ll start program execut1on at program step 00. CONTINUE can al so be used as a 'no operat1on' program step. See the program for N!, page 26. Halts program execut1on and causes a return to the diS· play mode. The STOP 1nstruct1on prov1des an uncondJ · tional halt of program execut1on for entry of data or d1s play of results. Pressmg CONTINUE begms program execut1on w1th the next program step. Pressmg STOP during execution of a program will cause the program to stop execution at the present program step and will cause a return to the display mode. Pressmg CONTINUE will begin program execution with the next program step. Use the STOP instruction to enter data . W1th the program at a STOP or END mstruct1on any keyboard operat1on can be manually executed, prov1ded that no data 1s stored tn a reg1ster contammg program steps. Stonng data tn a reg1ster contammg program steps will destroy the program steps m that reg1ster Halts program execut1on and causes a return to the display mode. The instruct1on resets the program counter to 00 so that pressing CONTINUE begins program execution at step 00. END must be the last mstruct1on m a program . Reading the END mstruct1on from the magnet1c card stops tlle reading process and resets the program counter to 00. 19 ~~·PROGRAM - -~ -~.~ PROGRAMIM NG PROBILEM: Wnte a program to solveAA: ~ for any A and 8. STEP KEY X )' Z F e 00 01 02 CLEAR 0 0 0 0 STOP A 8 X-+1 I o3 e 04 05 06 J-+1) X AxB 07 -t f A 08 09 Oa Ob 0 Clear display & e &f. Stop to enter A & 8. f + -•• ROll~ Oe , , Rou t Od X -:,y 10 e 11 END A A 8 0 Store A and 8 . 8 AxB Move Ax8 to Z to calculate A + 8. 8 A+8 A+8 AxB 8 AxB A+B Pos1t1on AxB and A+8 to calculate quot1ent. 8 A+8 AxB A+B 8 A A 8 Ax8 A+B Final Display See ENTERING A PROGRAM-FROM THE KEYBOARD (Page 24). A blank reg1ster md1cates the contents of the reg1ster are unchanged from the previous step. Causes a brief d1splay before continumg with executlon of the program. lf the PAUSE key is held depressed dunng execut1on of a program, a STOP will occur at the next PAUSE instruction in the program. Pressing CONTINUE will begin execution w1th the next program step. Use successive PAUSE instructions for a Ionger display. Th1s mstruct1on single- steps the program. The display will de·pend upon the mode of operation: PROGRAM or RUN. This is the only instruction that cannot be a program step. PROGHAM: Smgle-steps the program, displaying in X the program step address and the code of the mstruction in that program step. EXAMPLE: 5. lf. I. 2- - - - - - - - - Slf Program step 12 contains the SET FLAG inst ruction; it s code is 54. PROGRAMMI G RUN: Single-steps execution of the program displaying the contents of the X. Y, and Z registers after each step. Enter data at the proper program step to check operation of the program. Each STEP PRGM keystroke executes the three steps of a GO TO ( ) ( ) and executes the conditional branch instructions in the following manner: CONDITION MET Conditional branch with an address in the next two program steps. Executes the cond1tional branch and branches to the given add ress. Conditional branch with instructions in the next two program steps. Executes the conditional branch and the next instruction. CONDITION NOT MET Branches to and executes the third step followrng the conditional branch instruction. NOTE To venfy a program w1th RUN selected, replace each CONTINUE rnstruct1on with either a PAUSE or STOP instruction. lf a CONTINUE instruction is encountered, the Calculator will begin execution ot the program. Print the contents of X, Y or Z or any combrnation as selected on the printer. lf no printer is being used, the PRINT instruction will act as the STOP instruct1on. The FORMAT instruct1on controls the accessory output dev1ces. lf no accessory output device is being used, the FORMAT instruction will act as the STOP instruction. For complete information, see the Operating and Service Manual for the part1cular accessory. 2 2 PR RA lVI ING These mstruct1ons cause a cond1t1onal branch to one of two program locat1ons dependent upon the contents of the X and Y reg1sters. lf the cond1tion tested is met, the pro· gram will e1ther branch to the address stored in the next two program steps or, 1f no address is given, execute the mstruct1ons m the next two program steps, and continue with the thtrd program step following the conditional branch mstruction. lf the cond1t1on tested is not met, the program branches to and executes the third program step followmg the condttional branch instruction. lf the contents of X 6. and the contents of Y - 5., the cond1hon (I F X > Y) ts met. The program will branch to step 08, the address gtven in steps 03 and 04, and enter 1. m the X and Y regtsters. lf the contents of x--5. and the contents of Y -2., the cond1tion is not met. The program will branch to step 05 and enter 2. in the X and Y registers. II STEP KEY STEP 00 01 02 03 04 05 CLEAR 06 07 08 09 STOP IF X>Y 0 8 2 Oa KEY t STOP 1 t END lf the contents of X and Y are equal, the cond1tion (lf X==Y) 1s met. The program will execute steps 03 and 04 and contmue w1th step 05, calculate x2 + y2 (See TO PO· LAR. page 16) and enter the answer mto X. lf the contents of X and Y are not equal the program will branch to step 05, calculate the product of X x Y and enter it into X. STEP KEY STEP 00 01 02 03 CLEAR 04 05 06 07 STOP IF x=Y TO POLAR KEY t X "' END Thts instruction causes a condttional branch to one of two program steps depending upon whether or not the FLAG was set either manually or by a program step with the SET FLAG tnstruction. The condition is met if the FLAG was set. Branching after the I F FLAG instruction is the same as for the conditional branch instructions given above. The in:struction also clears the FLAG. Set th1~ FLAG condition which is tested by the conditional branch instruction IF FLAG. This instruction and the IF FLAG i.1struction allow the operator to control program execution by either manual ~ntry or program step entry of the SET FLAG instruction. .11 PROGRAMMING PROBLEM: Calculate the average value (X) of N data points, Xj. Use the SET FLAG to Lnd1cate entry of the last data pomt. SOLUTION STEP 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Oa Ob Oe Od 10 KEY CLEAR 1 t STOP IF FLAG 0 b ACC ENTER PROGRAM PRESS: GO TO (0) (0) (or END) PRESS: CONTINUE ENTER DATA: Xi ---.X PRESS: CONTINUE After Last Data Entry, PRESS: SET FLAG PRESS: CONTINUE Display: X --.y n ---+X + GO TO ( I ( I 0 1 RCL x:.y -•• END NOTE The only sequence of instructions after a cond1tional branch instruct1on which will not g1ve the expected results is a numeric or alphabetic mstruct1on followed by a non· arithmetic or non·alphabetic instruction. The program will branch to the address (J) (K) given by the numenc or alphabetic instruct10n (J) and the second dig1t (K) of the address of the third instruct1on followmg the cond1 · tional branch instruction. The program will also execute the instruction in the second program step following the conditional branch instruction. EXAMPLE: STEP 04 05 06 07 KEY IF x<Y 2 ROLL "' • -;- lf the contents of X - 3. and the contents of Y 5., the condition (I F X < Y) is met; the program will continue to step 05. The ROLL ~ instruction will be executed and the program will then branch to step 27 (determined by the 2 in step 05 and the second dig1t of the address in step 07) rather than entering 2 in the X register and performing the ROLL ~ . 23 2 NT Rl GA PROG FROM A MAGNETIC CARD FROM THE KEYBOARD RUN 1 SET: PHESS*·• 1COTO 11 1 (~t~~ Add ess 2. 3 4 SET: PROG Press keys m program sequence. 5. SET: 6. PHESS*: 1°01 : !)' (St'art.;go ~ress 0 The program w1ll e~ cute the 1nstruct1on m the start1ng address when CONTINUE 1s pressed. 7 Enter data and press CONTINUE as necessary for program executlon. Wh~, entering a program, the address for the instructlon entered and the code of that mstruct1on a re displayed in the X register. 00 00 c.c--·------- 57 SET: 2. PRESS*·~-' ·~~ Ct~~ü Address 3. Insert card, press: RUN ENTER 4. RUN 0. 0. 1. 5. PRESS*-~ ·~ c~~~~g) Address Enter data and press CONTINUE as necessary for program execcution. NOTE When entering or record· mg a program: 1) Hold the ENTER or RECORD key pressed until the card is partlally ejected from the card reader. 2) The contents of Y and Z are unchanged. 3) ENTER: contents of X unchanged. RECORD: contents of X destroyed. Step 2c contams the mstruct1on. PAUSE See "CORRECTING A PROGRAM STEP" (Page 25) if an mcorrect mstruct1on 1s entered 1n the program . ... NOTE Any address can be used for the f1rst program step. However. a begmnmg address of 0-0 1s generally used because of the conven1ence prov1ded by the END mstruct1on. Core storag~~ 1s usually used beg1nnmg at the top (location 0-0) for program storage and begmn1ng at the bottom (register F) for data storage. RECORDING A PROGRAM Two programs can be recorded on each magnetic card. The programs are designated A and 8. To read or record program A, insert the card with the A arrow pointing down and the printed s1de of the card toward the keyboard. To read or record program B, insert the card in the same manner with the B arrow pointing down. 1. SET: 2. Pl=iESS: ~ 3. INSERT CARD, PRESS: RUN ~ ~~;v Address RECORD R CORDING A ROGRAM To permanently save a program recorded as program A or 8, cut off the corner of the card along the t1p of the A or 8 arrow. c VERIFYING A PROGRAM After a program is entered in storage it can be verified by selecting either the PROGRAM or RUN mode of operat1on . PROGRAM RUN RUN 1. RUN SET: 1. SET: 2. PRESS:~ 2· ~ c~~~;gJ Address PRESS· 1GoTo {Star~r~gJ 11 1 3. SET: 3. 4. Each STEP PRGM keystroke will increment the program counter. The X registerwill display the program step address and the code of the instruction m that location. Each STEP PRGM key· stroke will single-step the program, displaying the content s of the X, Y, and Z registers. Enter data at the correct program step to check operation and solution of the program. While ed itmg, replace every CON TINUE instructionwith a PAUSE or STOP in struction. Encounterl:-:~ a CONTINUE in struction while ed1tmg in the RUN mode of operation will cause the Calculator to be · gin automatic execu tion of the program. PROG ~ 00 oo a 8.9 ------- 70 Step 89 contains the sin x instruction. • ~dress The key codes a re given on page 3 and on the pull -out instruction card. CORRECTING A PROGRAM S EP 1. SET: 2. PR ESS:~ t~tJ ~ (~~P changed RUN 3. SET: 4. ENTER CORRECT INSTRUCTION. PROG 5. a. TO CONTINUE EDITING: PRESS: (:;~~ b. TO EXECUTE PROGRAM: SET: RUN PRESS:~ c~~r{ing\ ~ Addr~ n MING P OG CALCULATE N FACTORIAL (N!) STEP KEY X y z F e 00 CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 1 STOP N 2 X-+1 I 3 f 4 IF ENTER N ~ X N X=Y 5 CONTINUE 1 1 N N N N 9 "' "'1 N a - 1 N'-1 N' I I b IFX>Y c 1 d 6 10 ROLL ~ N'- 1 N' 1 1 X 2 ROll "' 6 7 8 1 N'(N'-1) 1 N'-1 N' (N' -1) 6 0 a 0 0 N'-1 N! 7 ROLL ~ N'- 1 N! 0 8 f N N! 0 9 END N N! 0 3 GO TO ( ) ( ) 4 5 · DISPLAY · A blan k register ind icates the contents of the register are unc ha nged from the previous step. PROGRAMM I G CALCULATE N FACTORIAL (N!) 00 N! N (N-1) (N-2) ... (N-N + 2) (1) 6! (6) (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) 0! - 1 16-19 CLE AR PRESS CONTINUE 0- z 0- y 0- X 01 720 o -z I DISPLAf y - ~ -x Ob YES STOP ( NO 0- z 0 y N- X ENTERN-X PRESS CONTINUE -z y -X (N'-1) - 02,03 x oa 1 r 0- z 0- y 1. >: The IF X==Y is met at step 04 if N == 0; set 0! == 1. N' is the partial product calculation. Each IF X > Y at step Ob not met develops next partial product. After 1st pass, N' == N (N- 1). After 2nd pass, N' -= N (N- 1) (N- 2) i 10,11,12 "J(N 1,- Z N -• y I X CALCULATE '\ J 27 DIAGNOS'TIC PROGR M The D1agnost1c Program exercises every Subroutine in the Calculator by program step entry of instructions rather than keyboard entry. Proper operation of the Calculator and the Diagnost1 c Program is md1cated by a flashing display: X 3 ., Y - 2.0000, Z 1. Symptom s of 1mproper operat10n are no display or a fixed display, 1ndicating that program execution has stopped . To determ ine the program step at which the program stop· ped , SET: PROG PRESS: STEP PRGM The program step displayed in X is the step following the program step at which the STOP occured. Smgle-step the program from the last error check (previous STOP instruct lon in the program) to the program step where the error was detected. lf all instructions are correct, singlestep the entire program. No data entry is necessary for program opera· t ion. To run the program: SET: ON SET: RUN SET: RADIANS SET: FIXED PRESS: GO TO ( )( I 0 0 The Diagnost1c Program is listed in the Program Library under Miscellaneous. INSER'T CARD IN THE CARD READER WITH THE PRINTED SIDE TOWARD THE KEYBOARD . PRESS : ENTER c PRESS: 0 N T I N u E PROGRAMM I NG TECH NIQ ES During program execution a constant can be entered in the X register by program step entry rather than using a complete register to store the constant and recalling it when needed. EN E I G c KEY STEP 1' 22 23 24 ROLL 25 1 3 26 27 2 • X After program step 26 is executed, 2.13 will be in the X register. PROBLEM: Calculate .jpz + Q2 ES KEY KEY ENTER P ENTER P 1' 1' X ENTER Q ENTER Q 1' X ~ + ~ {X TO POLAR yf'pz + Q2 ~X PROGRANtMING TECHNIQUES Tl G G STER PROBILEM: Save a storage register by storing two integers, P and Q, 1n one register. KEY KEY ENTER P ENTER P t t ENTER Q 1 t t 6 ENTER 10. { ENTER Q • • -•• "'+ ~ + J-+1 F J-+1 I ~P+Q 10 'l---+P+ Y,1/ fQ F \ --+Y, f . Pdr IP == 8, Q =- 9 ; 8 . 9~Y , f For P == 5,. Q == 4 ; 5.25 ~ Y,f To Obtain P and Q KEY KEY f f t t int x int x - - ENTER ENTEH 10. l E~P X - P-+ Z, Q ~y p ~ Z, Q--+ y • • II 3 PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES us L ( - 1)n f n (X) PROBLEM: Calculate First Term Negative First Term Positive FLAG NOT SET ON FIRST PASS STEP KEY STEP 00 01 . 00 01 Calculate fn (X)n in X or Y. 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 8 SET FLAG + ACC + ACC ACC Ca lculate fn (X)n in X or Y 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 IF FLAG - KEY IF FL AG 4 8 SET FL A G ACC - ACC - ACC + Pressing ENTER EXP causes the following CHG SIGN and digit entries to be entered as the exponent of X. After ENTER EXP is pressed, pressing the decimal point key will return the control of the CHG SIGN and digit keys to the number in X. 3 CHG SIGN ENTER EXP 9 CHG SIGN 8 4 0. 0. 00 00 3. -Oll 0. 0. 00 00 -3.98 - Oll • Any number with an absolute value of less than 1 x 10 - 9 must be entered using the ENTER EXP key. lt cannot be entered in decimal format. For example, 1 x 10-Jo: • 0 0 0 0 0 1 0. 0. I. 0 0 0 0 00 00 - 00 The e and f registers can be used for program steps. Howe-te-r, earh must be addressed with a GO TO (e) (0) or a GO TO (f) (0) to enter program steps . eO is displayed as 0 and FO 1s displayed as '- 0 . The step following edis aO and following fdis cO. Branching to any other address requires direct branching with the GO TO ( ) ( ) and ad dress instructions as the last three steps in either e or f. Program steps in the e and f registers cannot be recorded on the magnetic card. D I 0 f S LES NO SERVICE HE ·LET • P CKARO S AT S U I 4 [ t West Conshohoc to.en NDIANA AM A d .anc1po TEXAS LAWARI LOUI IANA R A MARYLAND NlW M E:.XI<.O O HIO T FF E UTAH NE W YORK VIRGIN IA MI H GAN thl ld O REGON WAS HINGTON M NNl OTA AREAS NOT MI">'>OURI ADA BR T H OL M B A Q UEBEC O NTARIO MANITOB A Ii "' e't F' ~a d Hy B an d 'd v.a d Pomte Clatre 4 Hahtu n p 'Ii l FOR CANADIAN AREAS NOT LISTED t CENT RAL AND SOUTH AMERICA A HLE 4 OLOMBI A tiet~o ett VENEZUELA tiet~o tt P PERU ME XICO ECUADOR • e Ve ez e a A EL ')ALVAOOR 8 Mana r. uo~ !4• I Tp H 14~ [RA!II M CO'>TA RICA ag A URUGUAY t nA Av •Aa u Bldr. A ,na p a N !l 'i Panama City Guatemala Cllt 3 ate"la a 'Y tl I E TRON Pano~na lty FOR AREAS NOT LISTED, CONTACT tiew ett Pa ka d Inter Arr:en~a~ 00 H v et~o Ave Palo t.Jto , Ca to n a 44104 Tel 41' 326 1000 TWÄ 10 11l12G7 HE.WPACK Pa Alt Pab Fe rando ~ A Comer tal e lndustr~al Aventda lto~lla 2 11 a 1 Ia de CorrP 370 4 8461 Montevideo Tel 40·3102 able RADIUM Mo tevlde l 6 68 SALES A D SERVICE ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATIO EUROPE, AFRICA , ASIA, AUSTRALIA EURO PE NORWAT CREECE CERMANY AUSTRIA H ~ .. w Zl R AN tp ~ IRElAND PORTlJGAL BELGIUM e I ·~ p DE NMARK I( ... f"INLAND •H Ba • y ')W[ NETHERLAND<, rRANCE • ra e H ph ~ Ya A ["l o n.a Hf•lelt Peo::Urd Franc~ 4 qua• oes Etroits LJOft • ,. . lllo' d.a AFRICA, ASIA, AUSTRALIA kd MALAY'\IA JAPAN IN DIA AUST RALIA ,.,. A AWA ,, EA T o; "' ld " f ( •H KOREA IRAN lm t eet Add uba a LfBANON i ng 1\ g Cape Jo,.n ~ ng e, p IFI r, AR e . o; NAM "' M PART NO. 09100-90001