Manual / Guide · c. 2008
Casio's user's guide for the fx-570ES PLUS and fx-991ES PLUS, the larger ES calculators with equations, complex numbers, matrices, vectors, integration and differentiation, and the calculation ranges and methods.
EN fc-570ES PLUS ‘fc-99 ES PLUS (2nd edition / NATURAL-V.P.A.M. ) User’s Guide CASIO Worldwide Education Website https://edu.casio.com Manuals are available in multi languages at https://world.casio.com/manual/calc/ CASIO. Table of Contents Before Using the Calculatot.........cccccsseeceeseeteeeeeseeeeeseeereneees 4 About this Manuall.............c:cccceeeceeeeeeceeeeeeeeeceeeeecaeeeseeeeeseaeeeeeaeeeenseeeeenee 4 Initializing the CalCulator.............ccccceecesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeeaees 4 PreCautiOns. ...........:cccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeaeeesecaeeeseaeeeeeceeeescaeeesegaeeeeeieeesees 4 Safety Precautions. ..........ccccccccecceceeeeceeeeceeeeeceeeeeceneeeeeaeeeeceeeeseeeeeseeeeenueeeseatess 4 Handling Precautions. .............cccccccecceeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeseeeeeseaeeeseeeessuseeees 5 Getting Started... ce ceccecececeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeesaeeeeseeeessseeeeeaea ) Removing the Hard Case...........:::ccccccceecceeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeseneeteneeetcneeeeseeeeeseeeesenee 5 Turning Power On and Off.........:ccccccceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeenaaeeeceeeeseeeeesseeeeeaaes 6 Adjusting Display Contrast.............:cccccecccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeteeeeeseeeesenreeteneeeeeaee 6 Key MarkingS...........ccccccccccceeeeceeececeeeeeeeeceaeeeecaeeeseaeeeceneeecaaeessneeseceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeees 6 Reading the Display..............cc::ccccccceeeeceeeeeceneeeeeceeeeeceeeeeecaeeenaaeeeseeeeeeeeeseneetess 7 USING MCNUS........ eee eeceeeceeeeeceeeceeeeaeeeaeeeaeeeeesnaeeneeeseeeseeeseeseeseeeeseesseeeaeeenees 9 Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup.........:sscscceseseees 10 Calculation MOde............cc:ccccccteeceeneeeeeeeeeeecceeeesecaeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeeeesenaeeeees 10 Configuring the Calculator Setup.............cccceccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteseeeteaes 10 Initializing Calculator Settings Inputting Expressions and Values..........sccccceeseeeeeeseeeeeeeee 16 Basic Input RUICS..............ceccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeaeeesseeeeeseneeeeeeneeees 16 Inputting with Natural Display...............::cccceeceeeeceeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaee 17 V Form Calculation Range..........cccs:ccsescsesssstsesesescsesesssssssseseseseseeessseens 17 Using Values and Expressions as Arguments (Natural Display only)....18 Overwrite Input Mode (Linear Display only)..............:::cccccceeeeeeeeteeeeeeee 19 Correcting and Clearing an Expression. ......0....0::c cece eeeeeeeeeeeneeees 19 Basic Calculations. ..........cecccccessseeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeeeeeseeeeenees 20 Toggling Calculation ReSults...........cccceccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeneeeeeeseeeennees 20 Fraction Calculations..............cccccccccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeesenaeeeseneeeeeeaeeeeeeneeetes 21 Percent Calculations. ............::ccecccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeseeeeeseieeeeesieeees 22 Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations..............::::cee 22 Multi-Statement............0..:ccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesceaeeeeeeaeeesseaeeeseneeeeeeneeees 23 Using Engineering Notation. .............:cccccccsceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeaee 23 Calculation History and Replay.. 1.24 Calculation History................5 24 1-10) = \\ eee 24 Using Memory Functions. .............::ccccccceeeeecceeeeneeeeeeeeeeseneeeeeeeeeeeeneeeseaaes 25 Answer Memory (AMNS).........::::cccscceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeceeeceaeeeseaeeeseeeescaeeeseaeeesenneess 25 Variables (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y)... 25 Independent Memory (M)............ Clearing the Contents of All Memories. .............::ccccccceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeteneeeseneeeeeee 26 Function Calculations. .........ccccscccsssseecsescssseeeeeeeeesseeeeeeeenseeeers 27 Pi (z), Natural Logarithm Base @............c:ccccceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeneeeseaaes 27 Trigonometric FUNCTIONS. ............c:ccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeseeeeeteeeetees 27 Hyperbolic FUNCtiONS..............ccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeesenaeeeseneeeeeeeeeseeneeetes 27 Angle Unit Conversion. ...........:ccccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeaeeeeseeeeeseeeeeeaeees 28 Exponential FUnCtions. .............ccccccceeeceeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeneeeeeeneeeseneeess 28 Logarithmic FUNCTIONS. ............:::ccceeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteaeeeeseaeeeseeeeeeeeaeeeeeaa 28 Power Functions and Power Root Functions. .......0...00 ce eeeeeeeeeeeeee 29 Integration Calculations... eee eee eee rene eens sense teeeseeeseeeseeseneeees 30 Integration Calculation Precautions. ............:ccccccccceseceeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeessteeteneeees 31 Tips for Successful Integration Calculations. ..............::cccceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeneeeees 31 Differential Calculations... cece e eens eeneeseeeeteessaeseeesseeeneesaes 32 Differential Calculation Precautions. ............. eee eeeeeeeeeneteereeeeeseeeseneteeeteee 33 D Calculations... eee cee eeeeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeneesseeseeessaeseseesseeeneeseeees 33 Rectangular-Polar Coordinate ConverSion.............::::::ccccceeeceeeeeseeeeeeees 34 Factorial FUNCtion (!)........ccccceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeceaeeeeseaeeeseeaeeeseneeeesineeesesseeees 35 Absolute Value Function (Abs)... a Random Number (Ran#)..........::c:cccccecceeseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeneeeseneeeess Random Integer (Ranlnt#).........:c::ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseneeeeteseeeeseneeeeeeaee Permutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr). . Rounding Function (Rl)..........:.:ccccccceeseeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeceneeeeseeeeseneeeeeseeeeeees Using CALC.........ccecccccceccceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeececeeeeeeeeesenaeeeseneeeeseseeeeseneeeeeeaee Using SOLVE...........:0006 Solution Screen Content... cece ceceeceeeeeeeeeceeeneeeeeeseeeeeeeseeseeeseeeseeeteee Continue SCreeN oo... eee cece ee eeeeeseeeeeeeseceeeeeteneceaeseeesseeeeaeseaeeeeesresereseeeneee Scientific Constants........ cee cece eee eeseeeceeeseeeeceeseeeeseeseeeesaeeeaeensaes Metric COnverSion.........0.:cecceeeesteeeeeeceeceseeceeeeeeeseeeseeeseaeseeeseaeenseeseaees Using Calculation Modes. .........cccccccsseeeceeeseeeeeseeeeeeeeesseeeees Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX) CMPLX Mode Calculation Examples. ...........::.:ccccceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeseees Using a Command to Specify the Calculation Result Format............:::05 46 Statistical Calculations (STAT)...........::ccccecesseeseeeeeeeceeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaee 46 Inputting Data............0..- 47 Statistics Calculation [email protected].... ee ee cece cece tere teeeteeeeeaeeeaeseaeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeed 49 Using the Statistics [email protected]::cccccceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseaeeeecaeeeseeeseeneeeseaees 49 Calculating Estimated Values... ec eceeeeeeeeeeeeceneeeeeeneeeneeeeeeeseeeeeeeeetaee 54 Performing Normal Distribution Calculations. ...............:ccccccsceeeeseeeeteeeeteeees 54 Base-n Calculations (BASE-N)..........:ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeneeeeeeneeeseneeeetes 55 Specifying the Number Mode of a Particular Input Value.............::::cceeeeee 57 Converting a Calculation Result to another Type of Value.............:::::eeee 57 Logical and Negation Operations. .............cccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeees 57 Equation Calculations (EQN).............. .. 59 Changing the Current Equation Type Setting. ............::::cccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 60 EQN Mode Calculation Examples. ............cccceeceeeeeeeeseeeeeeeneeeneeeneeeseeeseeeatens 60 Matrix Calculations (MATRIX)........::::ccccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeteaaes 61 Matrix Answer Memory. .........:::cccccceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeneeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeetenseeeennees 63 Assigning and Editing Matrix Variable Data...............:::cccceeeeceeeseteeeeseeeeeeetees 63 Matrix Calculation Examples. ...........:::ccccceceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeees 64 Creating a Numerical Table from a Function (TABLE)............::::c:cee 65 Vector Calculations (VECTOR)...........::cccccceseeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteneeesenateeees 67 Vector Answer Memory......... ... 68 Assigning and Editing Vector Variable Data. ...68 Vector Calculation Examples. ...........:::ccccccceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseneeeseeeeneas 69 Technical Information........ccccccecccceeeeseeneeeeeeeeeeeeeseneeeeseeeeeeneenes 71 EVOPS... ee eeeceece eee ceee cece eceeeeeeseaeeceeeseaeeseeseaeeseeseeeseeesnneesneeeseeeseaeeeeesees 71 Displaying the Location Of AN Errov............:.cccccceseceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteteeeesneeeeseees 71 Clearing the Error M@[email protected]::ccceecceeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeecaeeeeteeeecneeesneeeseeeees 71 Error M@SSQGES. .......0::ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeceaeeeeeeeeeceaeeeseaeeeceaeeeseeesnaeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeees 71 Before Assuming Malfunction of the Calculator... .........:::eeeeeeeeeeeees 74 Replacing the Battery.............cccccccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeetneeeseeeees 74 Calculation Priority SEQUeNCE.............:ccccececeeeeeneeeeteeeeeteceeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeees 75 Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision................::0:08 76 Calculation Range and Precision. ............ccc:cccccccceeeceeeeeeeeeneeeetneeeeeteeeeeneeeeeaee 76 Function Calculation Input Ranges and Precision. .............::cccesseeeeeeeteteees 77 Specifications... eccececeececcseeeeceeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeseneeeteeteeeseeeeeseneeeeseeeeeee 79 Verifying the Authenticity of Your Calculator..............:::c:cccceeeeeeeteeeeeees 80 Frequently Asked Questions. .........::cccecccceeeceseeeeeeeeeeseeeeesneees 81 Frequently Asked Questions... cece cece ceeeenee cee eeneeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeenee 81 Before Using the Calculator About this Manual « In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with it. * Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever by any other party arising out of the use of this product and the items that come with it. * Unless specifically stated, all sample operations in this manual assume that the calculator is in its initial default setup. Use the procedure under "Initializing the Calculator" to return the calculator to its initial default setup. * The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. * The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this manual are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent. * QR Code is a registered trademark of DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED in Japan and in other countries. * Company and product names used in this manual may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners. Initializing the Calculator Perform the following procedure when you want to initialize the calculator and return the calculation mode and setup to their initial default settings. Note that this operation also clears all data currently in calculator memory. (9}(CLR) (3) (All) [E) (Yes) Precautions Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using the calculator. | Safety Precautions A\ Battery « Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. « Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in this manual. | Handling Precautions * Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery according to the schedule shown below. Continued use after the specified number of years may result in abnormal operation. Replace the battery immediately after display figures become dim. fx-570ES PLUS: Every 2 years fx-991ES PLUS: Every 3 years * A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator. * The battery that comes with the calculator is for factory testing, and it discharges slightly during shipment and storage. Because of these reasons, its battery life may be shorter than normal. * Do not use a nickel-based primary battery with this product. Incompatibility between such batteries and product specifications can result in shorter battery life and product malfunction. « Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected to temperature extremes, and large amounts of humidity and dust. * Do not subject the calculator to excessive impact, pressure, or bending. « Never try to take the calculator apart. « Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator. « Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure to do so in accordance with the laws and regulations in your particular area. Getting Started | Removing the Hard Case Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove it, and then affix the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown in the illustration below. | Turning Power On and Off « Press to turn on the calculator. * Press {Ac} (OFF) to turn off the calculator. Note * The calculator also will turn off automatically after approximately 10 minutes of non- use. Press the key to turn the calculator back on. | Adjusting Display Contrast 1. Press (HA) (i) (SETUP) @ [6)(<CONTP). CONTRAST LIGHT DARKE Cal Cel 2. Use @ and ® to adjust display contrast. 3. After the setting is the way you want, press (Ac). Important! + If adjusting display contrast does not improve display readability, it probably means that battery power is low. Replace the battery. | Key Markings Pressing the or key followed by a second key performs the alternate function of the second key. The alternate function is indicated by the text printed above the key. (1) (1) Keycap function (2) Alternate function * Characters enclosed in brackets ( +) that are the same color as i are used in the CMPLX Mode. ¢ Characters enclosed in brackets ( +) that are the same color as DEC, HEX, BIN, and OCT are used in the BASE-N Mode. * The following shows an example of how an alternate function operation is represented in this manual. Example: (sin) (sin"')* 1 E) * Indicates the function that is accessed by the key operation ( (SHF) (sin) ) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform. * The following shows an example of how a key operation to select an on- screen menu item is represented in this manual. Example: (1](COMP)’ * Indicates the menu item that is selected by the number key operation ((1)) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform. * The cursor key is marked with four arrows, indicating direction, as shown in the illustration nearby. In this manual, cursor key operation is indicated as @, M, @, and ©. | Reading the Display The two-line display makes it possible to view both the input expression and its result at the same time. se ee: ee woth a |) a... ma. [@ (3) (1)-e[PolW2 2) || Poll. 4142135620 |: 2) Calculation result ) ) (1) Input expression ( (3) Indicators * Ifa ® indicator appears on the right side of the calculation result, it means the displayed calculation result continues to the right. Use ® and @ to scroll the calculation result display. ¢ Ifa > indicator appears on the right side of the input expression, it means the displayed calculation continues to the right. Use @ and @ to scroll the input expression display. Note that if you want to scroll the input expression while both the » and > indicators are displayed, you will need to press first and then use @® and @ to scroll. Display indicators This indicator: Means this: The keypad has been shifted by pressing the S| key. The keypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a key. The alpha input mode has been entered by Al pressing the key. The alpha input mode will be exited and this indicator will disappear when you press a key. M There is a value stored in independent memory. The calculator is standing by for input of a variable STO name to assign a value to the variable. This indicator appears after you press (STO). The calculator is standing by for input of a variable RCL name to recall the variable's value. This indicator appears after you press [Rc). STAT The calculator is in the STAT Mode. CMPLX The calculator is in the CMPLX Mode. MAT The calculator is in the MATRIX Mode. VCT The calculator is in the VECTOR Mode. 'D} The default angle unit is degrees. RI The default angle unit is radians. iG] The default angle unit is grads. FIX A fixed number of decimal places is in effect. scl A fixed number of significant digits is in effect. Math Natural Display is selected as the display format. Calculation history memory data is available and VA can be replayed, or there is more data above/ below the current screen. Dis The display currently shows an intermediate result i P of a multi-statement calculation. Important! « For some type of calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally. | Using Menus Some of the calculator's operations are performed using menus. Pressing or (tye), for example, will display a menu of applicable functions. The following are the operations you should use to navigate between menus. « You can select a menu item by pressing the number key that corresponds to the number to its left on the menu screen. * The ¥ indicator in the upper right corner of a menu means there is another menu below the current one. The A indicator means another menu above. Use @ and @) to switch between menus. * To close a menu without selecting anything, press (AC). Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup Calculation Mode Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct mode as indicated in the table below. When you want to perform this type of Perform this key operation: operation: General calculations (1) (COMP) Complex number calculations (2](CMPLX) Statistical and regression calculations (3) (STAT) Calculations involving specific number systems (binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal) (4) (BASE-N) Equation solution (5) (EQN) Matrix calculations (6) (MATRIX) Generation of a numerical table based on an "ee ((TABLE) expression Vector calculations (VECTOR) Note + The initial default calculation mode is the COMP Mode. Configuring the Calculator Setup Pressing (toe) (SETUP) displays the setup menu, which you can use to control how the calculations are executed and displayed. The setup menu has two screens, which you can jump between using @ and @). 10 v a L1iMthIoO 2:Lineld ©, liabeo | Zide-c si Dbeg 4: Rad SICMPL*’ 4:25TAT 5:Gra 6iFix —<=__ | SB: Disre 6:4COHTe 7iSci 9 $:Norm @ Underlined (__) settings are initial defaults. Specifying the Display Format To specify this . Perform this key operation: display format: Natural Display (MthiO-Matho) (We) (SETUP) GJ (MthlO) G1) (Matho) Natural Display (MMthIO-Lineo) (ime) (SETUP) G1) (MthIO) (2) (LineO) Linear Display (Linelo) (iaie] (SETUP) (2) (LinelO) Natural Display (MthlO-MathO, MthlO-LineO) causes fractions, irrational numbers, and other expressions to be displayed as they are written on paper. MthlO-MathO displays input and calculation results using the same format as they are written on paper. MthlO-LineO displays input the same way as MthlO-MathO, but calculation results are displayed in linear format. Linear Display (LinelO) causes fractions and other expressions to be displayed in a single line. Examples: MthlO-MathO 1+200 _i_ 200 MthlO-LineO (Number Format: Norm 1) 1+200 Axi 11 MthlO-LineO (Number Format: Norm 2) LinelO (Number Format: Norm 1) Note 1=200 0.005 1=200 Axi * The calculator switches to Linear Display automatically whenever you enter the STAT, BASE-N, MATRIX, or VECTOR Mode. Specifying the Default Angle Unit To specify this as the default angle unit: Perform this key operation: Degrees {uo0e] (SETUP) (3) (Deg) Radians (uot) (SETUP) (4) (Rad) Grads {uooe] (SETUP) (8) (Gra) 90°= 2/2 radians = 100 grads Specifying the Number Format Specifies the number of digits for display of a calculation result. To specify this: Perform this key operation: Number of Decimal Places (uoné] (SETUP) (6) (Fix)(0) - (9) Number of Significant Digits (uoné] (SETUP) (7) (Sci) (0) - (2) Exponential Display Range (uooe] (SETUP) (8) (Norm) (1) (Norm 1) or (2) (Norm 2) 12 Fix: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls the number of decimal places for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off to the specified digit before being displayed. Example: (LinelO) 100 + 7 = 14.286 (Fix 3) 14.29 (Fix 2) Sci: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls the number of significant digits for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off to the specified digit before being displayed. Example: (LinelO) 1 + 7 = 1.4286 x 10°! (Sci 5) 1.429 x 10° (Sci 4) 1.428571429 x 10°1 (Sci 0) Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm 1, Norm 2) determines the range in which results will be displayed in exponential format. Outside the specified range, results are displayed using non- exponential format. Norm 1: 10% > |x|, |x] 2 101° Norm 2: 10° > [x], |x] 2 101° Example: (LinelO) 1 + 200 = 5 x 103 (Norm 1) 0.005 (Norm 2) Specifying the Fraction Display Format To specify this fraction display Perform this key operation: format: Mixed (uae) (SETUP) @ (1) (ab/c) Improper (wove) (SETUP) @ (2) (d/c) Specifying the Complex Number Format To specify this complex number Perform this key operation: format: Rectangular ve (Ge (SETUP) @® (B) (CMPLX) GD) (abi) Coordinates —— Polar Coordinates (Wo0E] (SETUP) @® (3) (CMPLX) (2) (rz.@) 13 Specifying the Stat Format Specifies whether or not to display a FREQ (frequency) column in the STAT Mode Statistics Editor. To specify this: Perform this key operation: Show FREQ Column won] (SETUP) @ (4) (STAT)C)(ON) Hide FREQ Column (one) (SETUP) @ (4) (STAT) [2] (OFF) Specifying the Decimal Point Display Format Specifies whether to display a dot or a comma for the calculation result decimal point. A dot is always displayed during input. To specify this decimal point Perform this key operation: display format: Dot (.) {uooe] (SETUP) @® (8) (Disp) (1) (Dot) Comma (,) (Ho0E] (SETUP) @ (5) (Disp) (2) (Comma) Note * When dot is selected as the decimal point, the separator for multiple results is a comma (,). When comma is selected, the separator is a semicolon (;). Adjusting Display Contrast (uonE] (SETUP) @ [6)(<CONTP ) See "Getting Started" for details. | Initializing Calculator Settings Perform the following procedure to initialize the calculator, which returns the calculation mode to COMP and returns all other settings, including setup menu settings, to their initial defaults. ()(CLR) CH (Setup) &) ves) This setting: Is initialized to this: Calculation Mode COMP Display Format MthIO-MathO 14 Angle Unit Deg Number Format Norm 1 Fraction Displa Play dic Format Complex Number . atbi Format Stat Format OFF Decimal Point Dot 15 Inputting Expressions and Values Basic Input Rules Calculations can be input in the same form as they are written. When you press (=) the priority sequence of the input calculation will be evaluated automatically and the result will appear on the display. Example 1: 4 x sin30 x (30 + 10 x 3) = 120 4() (sin) 300) G) (0304) 1030) &) — | | | | 4xsin(30)*(30+1 *4 *3 120 v *2 *1 Input of the closing parenthesis is required for sin, sinh, and other functions that include parentheses. *2 These multiplication symbols (x) can be omitted. A multiplication symbol can be omitted when it occurs immediately before an opening parenthesis, immediately before sin or other function that includes parentheses, immediately before the Ran# (random number) function, or immediately before a variable (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y), scientific constants, z or e. *3 The closing parenthesis immediately before the E) operation can be omitted. Example 2: Input example omitting (x]"? and ())* operations in the above example. Math & 45in¢30) (304103 120 A (sin) 300) (0304) 10) 3(E) Note + If the calculation becomes longer than the screen width during input, the screen will scroll automatically to the right and the ~@ indicator will appear on the display. When this happens, you can scroll back to the left by using @® and iC) to move the cursor. « When Linear Display is selected, pressing @ will cause the cursor to jump to the beginning of the calculation, while (/) will jump to the end. 16 + When Natural Display is selected, pressing CS) while the cursor is at the end of the input calculation will cause it to jump to the beginning, while pressing @D while the cursor is at the beginning will cause it to jump to the end. ¢ You can input up to 99 bytes for a calculation. Each numeral, symbol, or function normally uses one byte. Some functions require three to 13 bytes. + The cursor will change shape to [J when there are 10 bytes or less of allowed input remaining. If this happens, end calculation input and then press (=). Inputting with Natural Display Selecting Natural Display makes it possible to input and display fractions and certain functions (log, x”, x3, x", Vag, 9Vm, "Vo,x7,10%, e%, |, d/dx, 5, Abs) just as they are written in your textbook. 2+2 Example: MthlO-MathO xample: 75 ( ) a Math & 2442 1442 {2 Important! * Certain types of expressions can cause the height of an input expression to be greater than one display line. The maximum allowable height of an input expression is two display screens (31 dots x 2). Further input will become impossible if the height of the calculation you are inputting exceeds the allowable limit. + Nesting of functions and parentheses is allowed. Further input will become impossible if you nest too many functions and/or parentheses. If this happens, divide the calculation into multiple parts and calculate each part separately. Note + When you press (=) and obtain a calculation result using Natural Display, part of the expression you input may be cut off. If you need to view the entire input expression again, press and then use @D and iC) to scroll the input expression. V Form Calculation Range Results that include square root symbols can have up to two terms (an integer term is also counted as a term). When a calculation result takes the form + “ + ee , V form calculation results are displayed using formats like those shown below. 17 + L + L up, BabA aNe Cc t+avb,tdta “The ranges of the coefficients (a, b, c, d, e, f) are as shown below. 1=a<100,1<5< 1000, 1 =c< 100 0Sd<100,0Se< 1000, 1=f< 100 (a, b, c, d, e, fare integers) Example: 10V2 + 15 x 3V3 = 453 + 10V2 V form 99V999 = 3129.089165 (= 297V111) decimal form Using Values and Expressions as Arguments (Natural Display only) A value or an expression that you have already input can be used as the argument of a function. After you have input = for example, you can make it the argument of V, resulting in Ve Example: To input 1 + Z and then change it to 1 + Vi (MthIO-MathO) 10) Math 176 |142 10) Math ©2228 Bs) |, .Z Math 1+fE As shown above, the value or expression to the right of the cursor after (Et) (INS) are pressed becomes the argument of the function that is specified next. The range encompassed as the argument is everything up to the first open parenthesis to the right, if there is one, or everything up to the first function to the right (sin(30), log2(4), etc.) This capability can be used with the following functions: (SJ, (5), &9, , He (a), Ge D(Z=), Ge 4 ("Vo), (108), GH) Cin)(eM), fm), (5), HET We) (SV), (SH) [Fie] (Abs). 18 Overwrite Input Mode (Linear Display only) You can select either insert or overwrite as the input mode, but only while Linear Display is selected. In the overwrite mode, text you input replaces the text at the current cursor location. You can toggle between the insert and overwrite modes by performing the operations: (GE) (INS). The cursor appears as "|" in the insert mode and as "__" in the overwrite mode. Note ¢ Natural Display always uses the insert mode, so changing display format from Linear Display to Natural Display will automatically switch to the insert mode. Correcting and Clearing an Expression To delete a single character or function: Move the cursor so it is directly to the right of the character or function you want to delete, and then press [tEl). In the overwrite mode, move the cursor so it is directly under the character or function you want to delete, and then press (bE). To insert a character or function into a calculation: Use @® and ® to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the character or function and then input it. Be sure always to use the insert mode if Linear Display is selected. To clear all of the calculation you are inputting: Press (ac). 19 Basic Calculations Use the key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform basic calculations. a Math GJ(COMP) Toggling Calculation Results While Natural Display is selected, each press of will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its fraction form and decimal form, its V form and decimal form, or its z form and decimal form. Example 1: 7 +6 = ar = 0.5235987756 (MthlO-MathO) 1 = SH) (0) (x) ) 6 (=) aa 0.5235987756 — Example 2: (V2 + 2) x V3 = V6 + 2V3 = 5.913591358 (MthlIO-MathO) _ CO m20 H20) Kk) 3G) ve+2v3 5.913591358 — While Linear Display is selected, each press of will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its decimal form and fraction form. Example 3:1+5=0.2 -2 (LinelO) _— 1E)5E) 0.2 145 — 4 1 . Example 4: 1 “5 = 5 =0.2 (LinelO) _— 16/485) 145 0.2 — 20 Important! + Depending on the type of calculation result that is on the display when you press the key, the conversion process may take some time to perform. ¢ With certain calculation results, pressing the key will not convert the displayed value. * You cannot switch from decimal form to mixed fraction form if the total number of digits used in the mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbols) is greater than 10. Note ¢ With Natural Display (MathO), inputting one of the following calculations and then pressing (=) instead of (=) will display the calculation result in decimal form: a calculation that results ina V form or z form expression, a division calculation. Pressing after that will switch to the fraction form or z form of the calculation result. The V form of the result will not appear in this case. Fraction Calculations Note that the input method for fractions is different, depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. wIN I QIN No Example 1 (MthiO-MathO) 2/30 @)1@)26) or &)2@M3® (4) 1@2[(E) DOIN DOIN (LinelO) 22 3@)1826) 746 as a rio Example 2: 4 - 3 (MthlO-MathO) 42) A )(=5)361@2 =) NI=> (LinelO) 46)36)1 826) 142 Note * Mixing fractions and decimal values in a calculation while Linear Display is selected will cause the result to be displayed as a decimal value. * Results of calculations that mix fraction and decimal values are always decimal. 21 * Fractions in calculation results are displayed after being reduced to their lowest terms. To switch a calculation result between improper fraction and mixed fraction form: Perform the following key operation: fH} (a®-4) To switch a calculation result between fraction and decimal form: Press ($0). Percent Calculations Inputting a value and pressing (O(%) causes the input value to become a percent. Example 1: 150 x 20% = 30 150 (x) 20 GHA) (0) (%) ) 30 Example 2: Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660 (75%) 660 (=) 880 SF (O (%) (=) 75 Example 3: Increase 2500 by 15% (2875) 2500 (4) 2500 (x) 15 HF) (1) (%) (E) 2875 Example 4: Decrease 3500 by 25% (2625) 3500 (=)3500 (x) 25 uF) (1) (%) E) 2625 Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations You can perform calculations using sexagesimal values, and convert values between sexagesimal and decimal. Performing an addition or subtraction operation between sexagesimal values, or a multiplication or division operation between a sexagesimal value and a decimal value will cause the result to be displayed as a sexagesimal value. You also can convert between sexagesimal and decimal. The following is the input format for a sexagesimal value: {degrees} {minutes} {seconds} (+). 22 Note + You must always input something for the degrees and minutes, even if they are zero. Example 1: 2°20’30” + 39’30” = 3°00’00” 2 2) 20 4) 30 Ex) 4) 0L)39 Ex) 30 E+) E) 3°0'0” Example 2: Convert 2°15’18” to its decimal equivalent. 20] 159) 186] E) 2°15'18” (Converts sexagesimal to decimal.) 2.255 (Converts decimal to sexagesimal.) 2°15'18” Multi-Statements You can use the colon character (:) to connect two or more expressions and execute them in sequence from left to right when you press (=). Example: 3+3:3%*3 34) 3 few) (5) (:) 3) 3 E) 6 =) 9 Using Engineering Notation A simple key operation transforms a displayed value to engineering notation. Example 1: Transform the value 1234 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the right. 1234 (5) 1234 (ENG) 1.234%108 (ENG) 1234x109 Example 2: Transform the value 123 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the left. 123(E] 123 (HF (ENG) (—) 0.123x108 23 Eg) () 0.000123x10° Calculation History and Replay | Calculation History In the COMP, CMPLX, or BASE-N Mode, the calculator remembers up to approximately 200 bytes of data for the newest calculation. You can scroll through calculation history contents using @ and @. Example: 1+1=2 14) 2 2+2=4 22E) 4 3+3=6 33) 6 (Scrolls back.) @ 4 (Scrolls back again.) @ 2 Note * Calculation history data is all cleared whenever you press , when you change to a different calculation mode, when you change the display format, or whenever you perform the following operations: (9) (CLR) (1) (Setup) [E) (Yes), (9) (CLR) (3) (All) (=) (Yes). | Replay While a calculation result is on the display, you can press @ or ® to edit the expression you used for the previous calculation. Example: 4x3+2=14 4x3-7=5 4(x)34)2(E) 14 (Continuing) @ S75) 5 24 Using Memory Functions | Answer Memory (Ans) The last calculation result obtained is stored in Ans (answer) memory. Ans memory contents are updated whenever a new calculation result is displayed. Answer Memory contents are updated whenever you execute a calculation using any one of the following keys: (=), (=), (4), (M+) (M-), (Rel), (rci} (STO). Answer Memory can hold up to 15 digits. Example 1: To divide the result of 3 x 4 by 30 (LinelO) 3(k}4E) 12 (Continuing) ()30E) Ans=30 o.4 Example 2: To perform the calculations shown below: 123 + 456 = 579 789 -579=210 (MthlO-MathO) 123 (4) 456) 579 a Math & (Continuing) 789(&) Es) E) 7a9-ANS 210 | Variables (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y) Your calculator has nine preset variables named A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, and Y. You can assign values to variables and use the variables in calculations. Example: To assign the result of 3 + 5 to variable A 3 CE) 5 GH (Ret) (STO) (©) (A) 8 To multiply the contents of variable A by 10 (Continuing) (©) (A) 0k) 10(E) 80 25 To recall the contents of variable A (Continuing) (Ret) (©) (A) 8 To clear the contents of variable A 0S) (STO) A) ° | Independent Memory (M) You can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory. The "M" indicator appears on the display when there is any value other than zero stored in independent memory. Example: To clear the contents of M 0 GAA (Fl) (STO) [HE] (M) 0 To add the result of 10 x 5 toM (Continuing) 10(<)5 (M+) 50 To subtract the result of 10 + 5 from M (Continuing) 10 (4) 5 GHFy (i+) (M-) 15 To recall the contents of M (Continuing) (+) (M) 35 Note + Variable M is used for independent memory. | Clearing the Contents of All Memories Ans memory, independent memory, and variable contents are retained even if you press (Ac), change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator. Perform the following procedure when you want to clear the contents of all memories. (9](CLR) (2) (Memory) [=] (Yes) 26 Function Calculations Use the key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform function calculations. a Math GJ(COMP) Note: Using functions can slow down a calculation, which may delay display of the result. Do not perform any subsequent operation while waiting for the calculation result to appear. To interrupt an ongoing calculation before its result appears, press (Aq). Pi (z), Natural Logarithm Base e z is displayed as 3.141592654, but z = 3.14159265358980 is used for internal calculations. eis displayed as 2.718281828, but e = 2.71828182845904 is used for internal calculations. Trigonometric Functions Specify the angle unit before performing calculations. Example 1: sin 30° = 0.5 (LinelO) (Angle unit: Deg) (sin) 30D) E) 0.5 Example 2: sin 0.5 = 30° (LinelO) (Angle unit: Deg) (HF (sin) (sin) 050) E) 30 Hyperbolic Functions Input a function from the menu that appears when you press [hyp]. The angle unit setting does not affect calculations. Example 1: sinh 1 = 1.175201194 27 (he) G(sinh) 10) &) 1.175201194 Example 2: cosh" 1 =0 (3) (cosh) 10) &) 0 Angle Unit Conversion °,", 8: These functions specify the angle unit. ° specifies degrees, " radians, and & grads. Input a function from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (Ars) (DRG > ). Example: z/2 radians = 90°, 50 grads = 45° (Angle unit: Deg) CO Cae) 6109 (x) [E) 20) BaF] Ens] (DRG > )(2)()E) 90 50 [sue [Ans] (DRG > ) (3) (°) E) 45 Exponential Functions Note that the input method is different depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. Example: To calculate e° x 2 to three significant digits (Sci 3) {uoae] (SETUP) (7) (Sci) (3) (MthlO-MathO) On) (e") 5S &)2E) 2.97*102 (LinelO) GF) On) (e) 5D 2) 2.97*102 Logarithmic Functions Use the key to input logab as log (a,b). Base 10 is the default setting if you do not input anything for a. The key also can be used for input, but only while Natural Display is selected. In this case, you must input a value for the base. Example 1: logio 1000 = log 1000 = 3 (eg) 1000 0) (=) 3 Example 2: log2 16 = 4 28 (og) 2 HF OJ (,) 160) E) 4 (MthlO-MathO, MthlO-LineO) (2 16) 4 Example 3: loga(4°) = 6 (MthIO-MathO, MthlO-LineO) (eat) 2 © (4) GFA G3) (x*)E) 6 Example 4: logo(4)° = 8 (MthIO-MathO, MthlO-LineO) (oa. 2 4 @& GH BH) (x*) E) 8 Example 5: To calculate In 90 (= log. 90) to three significant digits (Sci 3) ue] (SETUP) 7) (Sci) 3) 4.50x10° (inj900) E) Power Functions and Power Root Functions Note that the input methods for x", Vm, 2Vmm, and #V& are different depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. Example 1: 1.2 x 103 = 1200 (MthlO-MathO) 102) 10e)3E) 1200 Example 2: (1 + 1)?*2 = 16 (MthIO-MathO) O11) )26)2e) 16 Example 3: (52)3 = 15625 C5) 0) HF 3) @*) E) 15625 Example 4: °¥32 = 2 (MthIO-MathO) A) &)("/5) 5032) 2 (LinelO) 5&4 &)("V¥e) 320) E) 2 Example 5: To calculate V2 x 3 (= 3V2 = 4.242640687...) to three decimal places (Fix 3) (uooe) (SETUP) (6) (Fix) (3) 29 (MthlO-MathO) 20 &) G) &) 3V2 =) 4.243 (LinelO) 20 KI3&) 4.243 Example 6: 9V5 + $y-27 = -1.290024053 (LinelO) Ga) (3m) 50) -1.290024053 a) (Pam) (927 0) E) ' Example 7: a =12 3.4 (LinelO) O3@) E40) &) 12 Note * The following functions cannot be input in consecutive sequence: 7,2, xf x" if you input 2 (x) (x, for example, the final will be ignored. To input re input 2('), press the @D key, and then press (MthlO-MathO). + x7, x°, x! can be used in complex number calculations. Integration Calculations Function for performing numerical integration using the Gauss-Kronrod method. Natural Display input syntax is P f(x)de, while Linear Display input syntax is | (f(x), a, 5, tol). tol specifies tolerance, which becomes 1 x 10°° when nothing is input for tol. Example 1: J} In(x) = 1 (MthIO-MathO) 2) On) ) 0) 0) 1 ® Wry) fe} (e) [E) 1 (LinelO) (in) 04