Historical Document · 1981
BYTE, January 1981: Sharp PC-1211
BYTE's pages on the Sharp PC-1211 from its January 1981 issue.
Historical Document · 1981
BYTE's pages on the Sharp PC-1211 from its January 1981 issue.
NUARY 198 $2.50.in USA/SE ®@A McGra | Pub! T eThe HHC retains the contents of memory even when it is turned off. In addition, you do not lose what you are working on if you accidentally hit the OFF button. These are important features that indicate the amount and depth of human engineering that has been applied to the design of the HHC. eThe HHC will be marketed aggressively by both Quasar and Panasonic. The public reaction to this device, which is the first of its kind to be marketed on such a large scale, will be carefully observed by manu- facturers and may determine the ex- tent and direction of future consumer products in this area. We feel that the Panasonic/Quasar HHC is highly qualified to receive this scrutiny and that the public response will be favorable. @ Acknowledgment The cover photograph and all interior photographs are by Ed Crabtree. Photo 2 is courtesy Quasar Electronics Company. Another Pocket Computer The internal architecture of the TRS-80 Pocket Computer is radi- cally different from the other pocket computers now reaching the market. Instead of a single 8-bit microprocessor (such as that used in the Quasar/Panasonic HHC and the Sinclair ZX-80), the designers of the TRS-80 Pocket Computer (Sharp Electronics of Japan) decid- ed to use two 4-bit micro- processors in a unique serial con- figuration. Both microprocessors are custom CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) in- tegrated circuits with built-in ROM (read-only memory). The purpose of microprocessor 1 is to arrange data and make decisions. It reads the data that is keyed in or fetched from programmable memory. It is also responsible for parsing arithmetic operations and interpreting the syntax of BASIC statements. It then arranges the data and provides instruction codes to microprocessor 2 through a transfer buffer. The actual execu- tion of an instruction is performed by microprocessor 2, which also updates the display and notifies microprocessor 1 that it has finish- ed its function. The respective duties of the microprocessors are listed at right. Memory Organization The programmable memory of the TRS-80 Pocket Computer is contained in four integrated cir- cuits. There are three memory ICs, each containing 512 bytes of pro- grammable memory. The three ICs which drive the liquid-crystal dis- play each contain 128 bytes of pro- grammable memory. Putting it all together, you end up with 1920 bytes of programmable memory. After you subtract memory space used for the transfer buffer, input buffer, display buffer, fixed mem- Microprocessor 1 Key input routine Acknowledgment of the remaining program One instruction to one program step incorporation Interpreter: Program execute statement Cassette control statement Command statement Printer control (reserved) Execution of manual operation Power shut-off control Clock stop control Microprocessor 2 Display processing routine Input buffer Computational result Error Arithmetic routine Character generator Cassette routine Print routine Buzzer Recognition of printer (reserved) Power off Clock stop ories, and reserved keys, you end up with 1424 bytes of user-address- able memory. Into this space you can easily fit a BASIC program of around 250 lines (average length)... SMa January 1981 © BYTE Publications Inc 45 Systems Notes Numerical Analysis for the TRS-80 Pocket Computer Mike Salem, 26A Delancey St, London NW1 7NH, England Complicated programs can often be easily modified to fit into the new pocket computers. I’ve taken three pro- grams from: the December 1979 issue of BYTE and modified them to run on the Radio Shack TRS-80 Pocket Computer (séld as the Sharp PC-1211 outside of the United States}: The Pocket Computer has a 24-character LCD (liquid-crystal display), twenty-six fixed variables, and 1424 bytes of programmable memory. One of the: programs I modified was the discrete- Fourier-transform program that appeared in “Frequency Analysis of Data Using a Microcomputer” by F R Ruckdeschel (December 1979 BYTE, page 10). I also com- bined two programs that compute the time-domain Payroll General Ledger Accounts Payable Accounts Receivable Flexible and sophisticated business software that is of the highest quality. Originally developed by Osborne & Associates and rapidly becoming a standard. Ac- countants are pleased with our balance sheets and income statements. It has been tested and approved by sectetaries. Complete instructions Up and running the same day of delivery. © 100% guaranteed © Unlimi free agreement ~ use as telephone assistance. you want. Accounts Receivable ... Accounts Payable . . Payroll-California ........... : Payroll-Non California state income tax calculations , (add to California payroll) .... $95.00 General Ledger - $95.00 Multiple profit center opti for general ledger . - $95.00 Manuals (each) ... $20.00 Formats : Any,8" single or double density, TRS-80 Mod I, Northstar DD. Vector Graphics. Super Brain, many others. © Return within 30 days for complete refund if not satisfied. * No licensing Runs on Beehive, Soroc. Hazeltine, ADDS, Televideo, SOL, TRS-80 Mod Il, HEATH, ACT V, Intertube ll, Altos, ADM and many other terminals. All programs in CBASIC under CP/M (includes source) Synergetic Computer Products 575 Middlefield Avenue Suite J, Palo Alto, CA 94301 (415) 328-530 VISA * Master Charge * COD * Company Check TRS-80 is a trademark of Radio Shack. Inc. CP/M Is a trademark of Digital Research 182 January 1961 © BYTE Publications Inc Circle 124 on inquiry card. response of a system with a given transfer function intoa single program (“Noniterative Digital Solution of Linear Transfer Functions” by Brian Finlay, December 197% BYTE, page 144). The modified programs have all of the features of the originals, with the obvious omissions o printing and plotting. Incidentally, it is important to note that the TRS-« Pocket Computer, in common with many machines allows BASIC lines to contain multiple statements (sav- ing 3 bytes of programmable memory for each lin number omitted). Although this feature is useful in itseli the TRS-80 Pocket Computer also has an IF statemer; that can control all of the remaining statements in the Listing 1: A discrete-Fourier-transform program for the TRS-« Pocket Computer. This program was modified from “Frequen:, Analysis of Data Using a Microcomputer” by F R Ruckdesche (December 1979 BYTE, page 10). Statements entered on the same line are separated here for clarity. 10 :REM BYTE DEC 79 11 :RADIAN 190 sINPUT “IST X? “;Z,“LAST X? ’;Y,“#OF POINTS? ";N 250 l=1 :INPUT “I/P SCALE FACTOR? ";] iIF I< 1 GOTO 250 290 :D=(Y -Z)/(N-1) :Q=0 :Ven/DI :U=V/(N-1) 340 :FORI=1TON :PAUSE “NEXT # = “1 :BEEP 1 sINPUT “NEXT F(T) VALUE? “;O :A(I1+26) =O :NEXT I 370 =:B=0 :FOR I=27 TO N+26 :IF B> A(I) LET B= A(I) 410 :NEXT I 420: FOR I= 27 TON+26 A(I) = A(I)-B NEXT I :B= ABS B :T=0 :FOR I=27 TO N+26 :IF T< A(I) LET T = A(1) 510 = :NEXT I 710 :FORI=1TON :W=(I-1)°U :C=0 :P=0 FOR M=1 TON X=Z+(M-1)"D : G=WX 770 3: C=C+A(M+26)*COS G : P=P+A(M+26)*SING : NEXTM 800 :F=./(PP+CC)*D :IF I= 1 LET C=C-NB F=D*ABS C 810 :BEEP 1 :PRINT U*(I- 1);"RAD/S” :PRINT “AMPL. =";F 815 :IF C< >0 LET O= ATN(P/C)*180/x : PRINT “PHASE =";O 820 = :NEXTI :BEEP 3 :PRINT “END OF RUN” :END Systems Notes... same line. Since this makes listings a bit difficult to read, I : N=ATN(C/D) prepared listings 1 and 2 with a separate statement on : IF D<OLETN=N-« each line.m , 410: A(O)=MA(O) : : A(Q)=N+A(Q) Listing 2: A program for the TRS-80 Pocket Computer that 450 : roe HO L computes the time-domain response of a system with a given . i :IF R=G GOTO 501 transfer function. The program shown was combined and 465 :D=A(46+R)-A(46+G) modified from two programs contained in “‘Noniterative Digital :C = A(56 +R) - A(56+G) Solution of Linear Transfer Functions” by Bryan Finlay 470 :M= (DD+CC) (December 1979 BYTE, page 144). :N = ATN(C/D) IF D<O LETN=N-4« 10 :REM “TF: TRANSFER FCN -— BYTE DEC 79” 500 :A(66 + G) = A(66+G)/M 70 :RADIAN :A(76 + G) = A(76+G)-N :INPUT “CONST.? ";K,"#TERMS NUM.? ";E,“#TERMS 501 :NEXT R DEN.?";L :NEXT G 150 IF E=0 GOTO 240 . 160 i FOR G #27 TO E+26 520 sINPUT “T(0)? “;O,“DT? ";S,"# STEPS? “;N O=10+G :T=O+NS INPUT “RL, NUM.? ";A(G),"IM, NUM.? ";A(O) 620 :U=-S 3 NEXT G :FOR Q=1TON 240 IF L =0,GOTO 330 sU=U+S 250 : FOR H=47 TO L+46 :V=0 : O#10+H :W=0 INPUT “RL, DEN.? “;A(H),"IM, DEN.? “;A(O) :H=14INT((U -O)/S) : NEXT H 650 : FOR G=1 TOL 330 :FOR G=1 TOL : X= A(66 + G)*EXP( — UA(46 + G)) 10=66+G : Y = A(76 + G) - UA(56 + G) :Q=76+G : V=V+X°COS Y :A(O) = 1 : W=W+X°SIN Y :A(Q) #0 : NEXT G IF E=0 GOTO 450 710 iZ=K*V(VV + WW)*SGN V 370 : FOR H=1 TOE :BEEP 1 D= A(26 + H) - A(46 + G) :PRINT “TIME =";U : C= A(36 +H) - A(56+G) :PRINT “RESP. =";Z 380 : M=¥y(DD+CC) 730 :NEXT Q —J ECHO SERIES™ SPEECH SYNTHESIZERS COMPUTERS ARE SPEAKING ourr Now you can add intelligible speech to your computer : i ee without using vast amounts of memory! The ECHO }[™ : speech synthesizer for the Apple* is the first of a series of synthesizers based on the same technology that made the Speak & Spell** a success. The initial operating system allows the creation’ of your own vocabulary with phonemes (word sounds) while using-very little RAM memory (approx. 800 bytes + 20 bytes/word). Enhanced operating systems and vocabulary ROMs will be offered as they bec : available. The ECHO ][™ comes complete with speaker, ins : tion manual, and a disk containing a speech editor, sample programs, and a sample vocabulary. Sug- gested list price is $225. é See your dealer or contact: STREET ELECTRONICS 3152 E. La Palma Ave., Suite C CORPORATION Anaheim, CA 92806 (714) 632-9950 *Trademark of Apple Computer ** Trademark of Texas Instruments Circle 117 on inquiry card.